WGU C785

WGU C785

Leave the first rating Terms in this set (263) Science Biology Biochemistry Save What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look like?amino group (NH2 or NH3), carboxyl group (COO or COOH), alpha carbon (C), and variable group How do you identify the 3 different

types of side chains: non-

polar/hydrophobic, polar, and charged?Non-polar/hydrophobic - end with CH or "can't have" water. Polar - end with OH, SH, or NH.Charged - end with a charge what kinds of bonds do each of the 3 different types of side chains make?ionic, hydrophobic/non-polar, charged What are the 4 levels of protein structure?Primary - linear structure, Secondary - Folded into helix or pleated sheet caused by hydrogen bonding, tertiary - 3D structure caused by side chain interactions, quaternary - 1+ amino acid chains combine = multiple subunits MUST have 1+ subunit What enviormental change breaks each type of bond?hydrophobic - temperature change, ionic - salt or decreased pH, hydrogen - temperature, change in pH, disulfide - reducing agents

what type of amino acid side chain leads to protein aggregration?hydrophobic bonds how do environmental changes affect protein folding?Extreme temp can cause hydrogen bonds to break apart = malformation of protein folding how do mutations affect protein structure?Can cause structure to change. Protein loses form = loses function. May form a different protein.What is an electron?Negatively charged atom on outer ring for bonding

What is energy:Power derived fro chemical interaction

what are covalent bonds?chemical bond, atoms share 1+ valence electrons what is an ionic bond?bond between positive and negative what is a hydrogen bond?weak bond between positive and negative with an amino?piece of amino acid, NH2 or NH3 what is a carboyxl?piece of amino acid, COO or COOH What is hydrophobic?Doesn't like water, end with CH what is hydrophilic?Water Lovering, end with OH, NH, or SH what is disulfide bond?strongest bond between reduction agents, formed between SH's.

what are zwitterions?amino with positive and negative charges = overall charge of zero what is a polypeptidepolymer of amino acids What is dehydration synthesis? Process of forming peptide bonds what is hydrolysis?adding water to destroy bonds what is an alpha helix?twisted secondary structure, formed by hydrogen bonds what is a beta sheet?folded second structure shape, formed by hydrogen bonds what is denaturation?loss of shape duet o interruption of chemical bonds; occurs via extreme salt, temp, pH what is aggregation?clumping of inner or outer cellular proteins caused by misfolded proteins leading to diseases such as Alzheimers, ALS, Parkinson's how do enzymes catalyze reactions?bind with substrates to decrease activation energy required and decrease reaction rate how do enzymes affect reaction rate and activation energy?decrease activation energy and decrease reaction rate what are the 4 steps of the enzymatic cycle?enzyme recognizes substrate, substrate attracts the enzyme; enzyme-substrate complex is formed; enzyme-product complex formed; product is released, enzyme recycled

how do environmental changes affect enzymes?High heat, pH change, high salt concentration, and reducing agents can cause an enzyme to lose its form/lose function what is a competitive inhibitor? Mimics substrate and takes its place on the active binding site what is a noncompetitive inhibitor? Binds to allosteric site causing active site to change shape = preventing substrate from binding with enzyme what molecules increase/build up or decrease given a specific inhibitor? A -> (enzyme 1) -> B -> (enzyme 2) -> C -> (enzyme 3) -> D. Pretend Enzyme

• is inhibited.

Inhibitor would cause a build up for product B, decrease product C. Enzyme 3 and product D would not be created.what is substrate?the substance on which an enzyme acts what is a product?result of a reaction what is an intermediate?products produced in an enzyme pathway before final product what is an active site?location where substrate binds with enzyme what is enzyme specificity? Enzymes bind with certain substrate or type of substrate to create a certain reaction what is induced fit?Enzyme changes shape in enzyme-substrate complex to facilitate formation of enzyme-product complex