1. Chapter 01-001 - both the severity of the crime and the accounta...

Chapter 1

• Chapter 01-001

Judges aim to ensure that the sentences they impose fit both the severity of the crime and the accountability of the offender. What is this principle called?

• the principle of comparative justice
• the principle of ratio nality

*c. the principle of proportionality

• the principle of culpability

• Chapter 01-002

What are the limits on powers of criminal justice employees referred to as?

• crime control protections

*b. due process protections

• abuse safeguards
• error safeguards

• Chapter 01-003

Which two models of criminal justice were originally identified by Herbert Packer?

• value consensus and conflict
• law enforcement and order maintenance

*c. crime control and due process

• conservative and liberal

• Chapter 01-004

Anders believes that police should have greater powers when searching individuals and their property. Which model does Anders support?

• value consensus
• conflict
• due process

*d. crime control

• Chapter 01-005

Which statement best describes an accused's responsibility to testify during his/her trial?(Criminal Justice in Canada A Reader, 6e (Canadian Edition) By Julian Roberts, Michelle Grossman) (Official Complete Test Bank) 1 / 4

*a. An accused individual is not required to testify during his/her trial.

• An accused individual is required to testify during

his/her trial.

• An accused individual is only required to testify

if s/he is on trial for an indictable offence.

• An accused individual may be required to testify on

the Crown’s recommendation.

• Chapter 01-006

Which statement best describes the act of establishing guilt beyond a reasonable doubt in a criminal court case?

• The defence bears the burden of proof.
• The judge or jury bears the burden of proof.
• The accused bears the burden of proof.

*d. The Crown bears the burden of proof.

• Chapter 01-007

Lexi believes that police officers must respect the rights of all Canadian citizens, including those accused of crimes. Which model does Lexi support?

• value consensus
• conflict

*c. due process

• crime control

• Chapter 01-008

Which court’s decisions influence both Parliament and all other courts in Canada?

*a. the Supreme Court of Canada

• the superior court (appeal level)
• the federal court
• the superior court (trial level)

• Chapter 01-009

When are criminal proceedings genera lly initiated?

*a. when an offence is brought to the attention of the police by a victim 2 / 4

• when an in-progress offence is discovered by the

police

• when an offender turns themselves into the

authorities

• when an individual known to the offender r eports an

offence to the authorities

• Chapter 01-010

Helene has very little concern about wrongful convictions, believing that it is preferable to convict an innocent person than to acquit someone who is guilty. What is this an example of?

• support for a due process mandate

*b. support for a crime control mandate

• support for a value consensus mandate
• support for a conflict mandate

• Chapter 01-011

Which of the following statements best defines the principle of restraint?

• A criminal justice response should increase in

severity based on the nature of the offence.*b. The criminal justice system should only be used as a last resort.

• The criminal justice system should be fair and

just, responding to all citizens in the same ma nner.

• A criminal justice response should focus on the

harm experienced by all parties to an offence.

• Chapter 01-012

Which of the following is NOT one of the three categories of situational crime prevention?

• reduction of rewards
• increase of effort
• increase of risks

*d. reduction of obstacles

• Chapter 01-013

David criminally harassed his ex -husband and was formally 3 / 4

charged for the offence. Prior to his trial, the charges against him were dropped. What is this an example of?

*a. case attrition

• case expansion
• Crown supremacy
• Crown autonomy

• Chapter 01-014

A common trend identified in criminological research is that rates of offending significantly increases in late adolescence and abruptly declines in adultho od. What is this trend referred to as?

• the criminal desistance curve

*b. the age-crime curve

• the geriatric offending pattern
• the fledgling offending pattern

• Chapter 01-015

Which of the following is NOT true of the Canadian correctional system?

• Community-based sentences are significantly less

costly than institutional sentences.

• Canada’s incarceration rate is much higher than

many other Western countries.*c. Canadians rank spending more money on prisons as a top priority.

• Research shows the Canadian public have always

supported prevention over punishment.

• / 4