1. pathophysiology review

NUR 405 Endocrine

• pathophysiology review

-hormones

-endocrine glands -function of hormones

• pituitary disorders

-acromegaly

-diabetes insipidus (DI) -syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

• pituitary gland

-anterior pituitary gland

-posterior pituitary gland

• anterior pituitary gland

-thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 1 / 4

-adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) -growth hormone (GH)

• posterior pituitary gland

antidiuretic hormone (ADH or vasopressin)

• acromegaly

-caused by the oversecretion of growth hormone (GH) in adults

-results in enlargement of peripheral body parts and soft tissue without an increase in height

• acromegaly clinical manifestations

excessive skeletal growth in feet, hands, nose, chin and bones of the forehead and jaw

• acromegaly diagnostics

-labs

growth hormone (GH) suppression test

-imaging 2 / 4

skull x-ray, CT, or MRI

• diabetes insipidus (DI)

-caused by inadequate secretion of ADH (vasopressin)

-occurs as a result of...-results in...

-etiology

-central -nephrogenic -dipsogenic

• etiology of DI

central DI -head trauma

-surgery -infection -inflammation -brain tumors 3 / 4

-cerebral vascular disease -idiopathic

• etiology of DI

neprhogenic DI -kidney injury

-medications -hypokalemia -hypercalcemia

• etiology of DI

dipsogenic DI -defect in hypothalamus

-may be result of damage to the pituitary gland from head trauma, surgery, infection, inflammatory process, or tumor

• DI clinical manifestations

-significant daily output (greater than 250mL/hr) of very dilute urine

• / 4