1.1 Multiple Choice Questions

Language Development in Early Childhood Education, 5e (Otto) Chapter 1 Language in Our Lives 1.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) Which of the following represent the two forms of receptive language?

• listening and speaking
• reading and writing
• listening and reading

D) speaking and writing Answ

er: C

2) Language

• refers only to phonetic and semantic knowledge.
• has one standard form for communication.
• refers only to oral expressive language.

D) forms the foundation for our daily perceptions and communication.Answ

er: D

3) Phonological knowledge is the knowledge of

• the sound-symbol system of a language.
• the system of rules or grammar for using a language.
• how language is used differently in different settings.

D) meaningful word parts.Answ

er: A

4) Semantic knowledge refers to knowledge of

• the grammatical rules for using a language.
• the vocabulary and word meanings in a language.
• the sound-symbol system of a language.

D) the ways in which language is used differently in different settings.Answ

er: B

5) Morphemic knowledge refers to knowledge of

• grammatical rules for using a language.
• the vocabulary and word meanings in a language.
• the sound-symbol system of a language.

D) meaningful linguistic units that are combined to create words.Answ

er: D

6) Pragmatic knowledge refers to knowledge of

• how words are structured with meaningful parts.
• the vocabulary and word meanings in a language.
• the ways in which language is used differently in different settings.

D) the sound-symbol system of a language.Answ

er: C

1 .Language Development in Early Childhood Education 5e Beverly W. Otto (Test Bank All Chapters, 100% Original Verified, A+ Grade) 1 / 4

7) Derivational morphemes

• change the meaning of a word or the way in which a word is used grammatically.
• only occur at the beginning of a word.
• are an example of phonological knowledge.

D) are free morphemes or words.Answ

er: A

8) Inflectional morphemes

• are an example of prosody.
• only occur at the beginning of a word.
• change the meaning of a word or the way in which a word is used grammatically.

D) change words to indicate past tense, possession, plurality or make comparisons.Answ

er: D

9) Prosody refers to the

• relationships between letters and their sounds.
• rhythm, intonation, and tempo of speech.
• grammar and pragmatics embedded in oral language.

D) derivational morphemes present in oral language.Answ

er: B

10) Syntactic knowledge involves knowledge of the

• system of grammar or rules for using a language.
• meaningful linguistic parts in words.

C) sound-symbol system of a language.

Answer: A

11) The five aspects of language knowledge

• develop separately and do not interact.
• develop separately and are not influenced by the language or dialect.

C) develop through complex interactions that are influenced by the language or dialect.

Answer: C

12) When a child is able to orally identify two words that rhyme, it indicates the child is de veloping language knowledge at the

• linguistic level of language knowledge.
• metalinguistic level of language knowledge.

C) metalinguistic verbalization level of language knowledge.

Answer: B

13) Which of the following statements is correct?

• Oral language provides the basis for acquiring knowledge of written language.
• Oral language does not contribute to acquiring knowledge of written language.
• Some children acquire knowledge of written language prior to developing oral language.

D) Oral language development stops once a child learns to read.Answ

er: A

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14) Longitudinal study of kindergarten children's language development concluded that oral language development

• is the same for all children.
• tapers off after kindergarten.
• is not connected to later school achievement.
• is associated with later oral and written language competencies.

Answer: D

1.2 Essay Questions

1) In what ways is language essential to any society?Answer: Language provides the foundation of our perceptions, communication and daily interactions. It is a system of symbols people use to organize, categorize and clarify their thinking.

2) Why is it important for children to develop pragmatic knowledge of language?Answer: Pragmatic knowledge contributes to children's appropriate and effective communication across a range of settings and contexts.

3) Provide an example of an overgeneralization. When an overgeneralization occurs in a child's speech, what does this tell you about a child's language development?Answer: Example: 'We goed to the store to get milk.' This is an overgeneralization because the child has overgeneralized the use of -ed to show past tense. Here, the child is assuming that because some other verbs, such as play-played, show past tense with an -ed, all verbs can be changed to past tense in this way. When a child shows this overgeneralization, it indicates that the child is developing morphemic knowledge, specifically knowledge of inflectional morphemes and learning how and when to apply the knowledge of past tense on regular verbs.

4) How does a child's home language influence the development of phonological knowledge and phonemic awareness?Answer: Children learn to discriminate and produce speech sounds that are present in their home language.

5) Define: schemata. Support your definition with an example.

Answer: A schemata or semantic network is a cognitive structure in our memory that organizes our conceptual knowledge. For example, a semantic network for the concept 'restaurant' might include the type of food on the menu, the restaurant location, the décor, the way in which the food is ordered and served, and the cost of the food and service.

6) Define: register. Support your definition with an example.

Answer: The term register refers to the specific language form used in a particular context. For example, children are encouraged to speak a certain way when responding to a teacher's questions in a class discussion. When on the playground with their peers, their language is varied in specific ways from their language in the classroom.3

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7) Identify and briefly describe the developmental progression of the three levels of language knowledge.Answer: There are three levels of language knowledge. The initial, basic level of language knowledge is the linguistic level. This is the 'know-how' of being able to use language in communicative contexts. The next level is the metalinguistic level. At this level the child is able to consciously manipulate and reflect on the features of their language. For example, when asked to identify words that start with the sound /b/, the child can successfully produce to appropriate words. The third and highest level of language knowledge is metalinguistic verbalization. At this level, children are able to verbalize and talk about specific language concepts. For example, when asked why 'dog' and 'fog' rhyme, the child can respond, 'they rhyme because 'dog' and 'fog' both have the same ending sound.' 4 .

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