1.1. Some standards are frequently cited because these standards cover

1.1. Some standards are frequently cited because these standards cover (1)

areas in which industries are having difficulty complying, or (2) areas in which enforcement agencies are giving a great deal of attention, or both.

1.2. Many aspects about the standards might be useful. The text emphasizes

the importance of the "why" behind the standards that do exist.

1.3. No. It is an unattainable goal. Such a strategy fails to recognize the need

for discrimination among hazards to be corrected.

1.4. (1) Hazards that are physically infeasible to correct.(2) Hazards that are physically feasible, but are economically infeasible, to correct.(3) Hazards that are physically feasible and economically feasible to correct.

1.5. (1) Causes other more serious hazards to be overlooked while reacting to less serious ones.(2) Deteriorates credibility with top management.

1.6. A safety hazard is acute, causes or threatens to cause injuries, and is

usually more obvious than a health hazard.A health hazard is chronic, causes or threatens to cause illness in the long run, and is usually more subtle than a safety hazard.

1.7. Some example safety hazards:

unguarded belts, pulleys, gears, saws, and punch presses; fires; explosions; open platforms; defective ladders; welding near open flammable or combustible materials; overloaded or defective cranes, hoists, or slings; ungrounded electrical equipment; exposed live electrical conductors.

Some example health hazards:

coal dust, cotton dust, chronic loud noise, welding fumes, asbestos, vinyl chloride, lead fumes, mercury, manganese, cadmium.

1.8. Some valid examples are spray paint, coal dust, benzene, and carbon

disulfide.

1.9. Some valid examples are noise, welding, and radiation.

1.10. Health hazards are usually more subtle than safety hazards; the industrial

hygienist must look for "unseen" hazards.

1.11. Safety hazards may appear more grave, but there are probably many

health hazard-related illnesses and deaths which are not documented.

1.12. Work training, statistics, job placement, industrial relations.

1.13. A comprehensive safety and health program involves engineering, and

Chapter 1 (Industrial Safety and Health Management 6e Ray Asfahl, David Rieske) (Solution Manual all Chapters) 1 / 4

placement of the function within the personnel department may restrict authority too much.

1.14. This places the Safety and Health Manager in an adversarial position with

enforcement officials.

1.15. CPSC concentrates on the responsibility of the manufacturers of the

machines and equipment, whereas OSHA concentrates on the responsibility of the employer who places the equipment into use in the workplace.

1.16. (NSC) National Safety Council

1.17. ANSI (American National Standards Institute)

Prepares voluntary standards for occupational safety and health among other types of standards. OSHA adopted many ANSI standards early on, invoking its temporary right to promulgate "national consensus standards."

1.18. OSHA is concerned with hazardous exposures to workers, i.e. worker

safety and health.EPA is concerned with hazardous exposures to the public, particularly as these hazards affect the earth, water, and atmosphere.Many safety and health hazards inside the plant and outside are the same, or are caused by the same chemical agents or physical factors.Thus a firm's compliance with both EPA and OSHA regulations are often the responsibility of the same individual.

1.19. 1-800-35-NIOSH; the agency that responds is, obviously, NIOSH, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.

1.20. Passage of The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, which

created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

1.21. Prior to passage of the OSHA law occupational health seemed remote

and not of a great deal of concern. Plant nurses were concerned with first aid and physical examinations. After OSHA, occupational disease prevention rose in importance.

1.22 The Bhopal, India disaster in which the release of methyl isocyanate gas killed 2500 civilians. This incident showed that dangerous working conditions do not just impact the workers, but everyone around a facility.

1.23 Reductions in energy consumption, for example, can lower a firm’s bottom line energy cost while decreasing its impact on the environment.

1.24 The four environmental issues addresses were global warming, green engineering, petroleum conservation, and tobacco smoke.

1.25 Green engineering is focused on the reduction of carbon fuels, which in turn directly impact global warming.

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1.26 Systems Safety is considered essential in airlines, aerospace, and hospitals. These are industries in which the failure of a system can be catastrophic.

1.27 Systems Safety recognizes the benefit of such life-cycle planning and design, and the System Safety Society is one of the

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CHAPTER 2 SOLUTIONS TO END-OF-CHAPTER EXERCISES

2.1. The achievement of worker safety lies principally in the hands of the

workers themselves and their direct supervisors; thus it is principally a line function. Safety and health managers, however, are staff positions.

2.2. Acting as a facilitator in assisting, motivating, and advising the line

function in achieving worker safety and health.

2.3. They too often are such emotional crusaders for the cause that they lose

their credibility and with it their eligibility to be considered a "manager."

2.4. That safety must be achieved by line personnel facilitated by the staff

function.

2.5. Go to top management to re-determine its level of commitment to safety

and health.

2.6. The workers compensation system is a state, not federal system. The

system is nearly 100 years old; the first workers compensation laws were introduced into state legislatures in 1909.

2.7. The ostensible purpose is to protect the worker by providing statutory

compensation levels to be paid by the employer for various injuries that may be incurred by the worker.An ulterior feature is immunity from additional liability for the employer, except where "gross negligence" can be proven.

2.8. Management contends that some risk is inescapable in any line of work.

Therefore, their answer to the question is no. The worker bears some of the risk in return for his/her pay for the job.

2.9. The employer or the employer's insurance carrier.

2.10. An industrial safety consultant employed by an insurance company. The

consultant's objective is to keep claims low among clients of his insurance company.

2.11. A standardized recordkeeping system for industrial safety established by

the National Safety Council and later superseded by OSHA's system of recordkeeping.

2.12. Differences in recordkeeping requirements for OSHA and its predecessor

Z16.1 system. Also other variations in conditions, such as employment levels and recession cycles.

2.13. The "lost workdays" method would not reveal some very serious

accidents, especially fatalities, that do not cause a loss of a workday.

2.14. One that is work related and requires medical treatment.

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