150 Questions and answers separately

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150 Questions and answers separately

Chapter 1: Acute Abdomen

Questions 1.What are the key components of managing a patient with acute abdomen?

2.Describe the causes of acute dysphagia in the oesophagus.

3.What is Boerhaave syndrome, and how is it diagnosed?

4.Explain the treatment for variceal bleeding.

5.What are the primary causes of stomach/duodenal perforation?

6.How is gallbladder wall thickening diagnosed in cholecystitis?

7.Define Charcot's triad and Reynolds' pentad in cholangitis.

8.What complications arise from acute pancreatitis?

9.How is intestinal obstruction identified on an X-ray?

• What is the classical clinical triad for mesenteric infarct?

Answers 1.Management includes resuscitation, diagnosis based on the location of the problem, and specific treatment like endoscopy for oesophageal issues or surgical repair for perforations.

2.Causes include benign stricture, malignant neoplasm, or a food bolus obstruction.

3.Boerhaave syndrome is spontaneous oesophageal perforation due to forceful vomiting. It is diagnosed by CXR showing air in the mediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema.

4.Treatment includes stabilization with fluids, blood transfusions, and IV medications (e.g., somatostatin) followed by definitive treatment like band ligation or stent insertion.

5.Causes include NSAID use, alcohol, and peptic ulcers.

6.It is diagnosed via ultrasound showing gallstones and wall thickening (>3mm).

7.Charcot's triad includes RUQ pain, jaundice, and fever. Reynolds' pentad adds hypotension and altered mental status.

8.Complications include pseudocysts, abscesses, and phlegmons.

9.Intestinal obstruction is identified by valvulae conniventes and Rigler’s sign on X-ray.

• Severe abdominal pain, lack of abdominal signs, and rapid

progression to hypovolaemic shock characterize the triad.

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