1.How do historians study the past?

TB9 1. Ancient America, Before 1492 Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 1.How do historians study the past?

• They mainly concentrate on written documents to determine the attitudes of a people.
• They study physical artifacts, such as bones, pottery, pollen, and structures.
• They interpret the meaning of physical artifacts uncovered by archaeologists.
• They study only public writings and ignore biased personal writings.

ANSWER: a

2.The difference between the study of humans by archaeologists and the study of humans by historians is often

distinguished by the:

• development of architecture.
• discovery of fire.
• invention of writing.
• use of verbal language.

ANSWER: c

3.Though ancient Americans did not have any written language, they:

• preserved hundreds of languages through oral history.
• shared a common spoken language.
• left detailed records of births and deaths.
• used other kinds of symbolic representation.

ANSWER: d

4.How do modern archaeologists study ancient peoples?

• They rely only on written documents.
• They rely only on what they can learn from physical artifacts.
• They combine a variety of approaches.
• They make an educated guess based on a specific natural environment.

ANSWER: c

5.Why were humans absent from the Western Hemisphere for most of early human history?

• The warm climate of Africa attracted most of the earth's population.
• Large herds of mammoths made migration to the Americas too dangerous.
• North and South America had become detached from the common landmass known as Pangaea.
• Plentiful food made it unnecessary for northern European tribes to seek a different home.

ANSWER: c

6.How did climate change allow hunters to reach the Western Hemisphere?

• It raised the sea level of the Bering Strait to allow ships to pass submerged icebergs.
• More moderate temperatures allowed people to live farther north and east.
• A long cold spell caused the sea level to drop and exposed the wide land bridge of Beringia.
• The change in climate killed off threatening herds of mammoths and bison.

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ANSWER: c

• Although experts debate the exact time people began migrating to North America, the first migrants probably

arrived:

• between 30,000 BP and 25,000 BP.
• between 25,000 BP and 15,000 BP.
• more than 1.5 million years ago.
• fewer than 5,000 years ago.

ANSWER: b

• Which statement about the first Americans is supported by the artifacts that have survived from the Paleo-

Indian era?

• They specialized in hunting big mammals.
• They developed permanent settlements along the Canadian Rockies.
• They used bows and arrows to kill small animals.
• They did not eat plant foods.

ANSWER: a

9. About 11,000 years ago, the Paleo-Indians faced a major crisis because:

• the temperature cooled dramatically, making it more difficult to live.
• the large animals they hunted became extinct, likely due to a warming climate.
• hunters had killed too many small animals, eliminating the food sources of the large mammals.
• a lengthy drought led to a massive shortage of edible plants.

ANSWER: b

• How did Paleo-Indians adapt to the extinction of big game?
• by integrating agriculture into permanent settlements
• by domesticating large animals for controlled hunting
• by moving to coastal towns to capture fish and seafood
• by starting to forage for berries, seeds, nuts, and roots

ANSWER: d

11. When Europeans arrived in 1492, Native American cultures were:

• dying off due to lack of food and environmental problems.
• characterized by an impressive level of similarity and unity.
• divided into about twenty groups whose members shared cultural traits.
• varied due to differing local environments and ancestors.

ANSWER: d

12. The term Archaic describes:

• hunting and gathering cultures that descended from Paleo-Indians. 2 / 4

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• agricultural cultures that preceded the Paleo-Indians before 13,000 BP.
• the historical events that occurred from 800 CE to 1500 CE.
• the historical era that begins with the development of agriculture.

ANSWER: a

• Which statement is an accurate description of Archaic Indians?
• They depended solely on agriculture for food.
• Most established permanent, though small, villages.
• They hunted smaller game with traps, nets, and hooks.
• They domesticated animals as a food source.

ANSWER: c

14. Archaic Indians who hunted the bison herds of the Great Plains were:

• skilled horsemen who utilized speed to catch animals.
• nomads who moved constantly to track their prey.
• solitary hunters who attacked animals as they slept.
• cautious hunters who avoided stampeding the herds.

ANSWER: b

• How did the introduction of bows and arrows affect Archaic Indians?
• Bows permitted hunters to wound animals from farther away.
• Indians traded the costly bows and arrows for food.
• Arrowheads were larger and heavier than spear points but equally effective.
• New weapons allowed Great Plains hunters to abandon their nomadic lifestyle.

ANSWER: a

• Why would an image of a Paleo-Indian on the Great Plains astride his horse hunting bison with a bow and

arrow around 1000 CE be anachronistic?

• Arrows were not developed until later.
• There were no humans on the Great Plains at this time.
• Paleo-Indians did not hunt bison at this time.
• Horses were not introduced until Europeans arrived.

ANSWER: d

17. The Archaic Indians in the Great Basin inhabited a region with:

• moderate temperature variations.
• few game animals and waterfowl.
• predominantly desert topography.
• great environmental diversity.

ANSWER: d

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18. The main source of food for Archaic peoples inhabiting the Great Basin was:

• bison.
• fish.
• plants.
• waterfowl.

ANSWER: c

• Why did native peoples in California remain hunters and gatherers for hundreds of years after Europeans

arrived in the Western Hemisphere?

• Little competition existed for food sources in California.
• Both land and ocean provided an abundant food supply.
• The California peoples ate only fish and marine life.
• The few tribes in the region shared acorn-gathering territory.

ANSWER: b

• Archaeological evidence indicates that the California Chumash culture was characterized by:
• a highly nomadic existence.
• a surprisingly peaceful society.
• relatively permanent villages.
• a population living on the edge of starvation.

ANSWER: c

• Archaic Northwest peoples took advantage of which plentiful resource for sustenance and for trade?
• fish
• acorns
• bison
• deer

ANSWER: a

• Which environmental factor shaped the cultures of the Archaic peoples of the Eastern Woodland?
• mountains
• forests
• deserts
• sea coast

ANSWER: b

23. Early Woodland Indians obtained food by:

• hunting deer.
• harvesting wild corn.
• fishing for salmon.
• growing a variety of crops.
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