1.Two of the main, early theories proposed to explain how antigen-

1.Two of the main, early theories proposed to explain how antigen- specific antibodies develop were the instructional theory and the selective theory. How did the two differ? Which was ultimately shown to be CORRECT?

2.Often, serendipity plays a role in significant scientific discoveries. In your own words, explain how serendipity led Pasteur to discover a cholera vaccine.

3.Despite its having been eradicated on a global scale, smallpox is presently considered a potential bioterrorism threat. Why? Use evidence to support your answer.

4.Prior to 1999, it was claimed that a thimerosal additive in vaccines was contributing to the rising incidence of autism. If the claims were true, what resultant trend might you expect to observe in the rate of autism once thimerosal was removed from vaccines?

5.Given the discovery and development of effective antibiotics, make an argument for the continued use of vaccines against bacterial pathogens. Use evidence to support your answer.

6.You have a friend unfamiliar with immunology, and he asks you the

following question: 揥hy do I need the flu shot every year, but don't

need an annual chickenpox vaccine??As a student of immunology, how would you explain this discrepancy to your friend? Use evidence to support your answer.

7.Provide one benefit and one drawback of generating random recognition receptors during the development of B cells.

8.A portion of our immune systems' white blood cells is constantly circulating throughout the body via circulation and lymphatics. What is the benefit of such circulation?Page 1 Test Bank for Kuby Immunology 8e Jenni Punt, Sharon Stranford, Patricia Jones, Judith Owen (All Chapters Answer at the end of each Chapter) 1 / 4

9.Complete the following table by comparing and contrasting innate and adaptive immune responses.

10.What are the hallmarks of inflammation? Describe the physical characteristics of someone experiencing an inflammatory response.

11.Upon receiving immune serum as a treatment for a venomous snake bite, would the recipient be immune from future bites of the same species?

12.Provide one common feature of and two differences between B-cell receptors and PRRs.

13.Given that an important function of the immune system is to both recognize and dispose of cancerous cells, postulate why tumors can be established in a human host.

14.The hygiene hypothesis posits that there is a connection between environmental conditions and certain inappropriate immune responses.If you were a supporter of the hygiene hypothesis, what recommendations would you make to keep people healthier?

15.Which is the BEST definition of 搃mmunity?A)The state of having been exposed to a pathogen repeatedly B)The state of being resistant to reinfection with a pathogen C)When an individual has never been exposed to a pathogen D)When the immune system is activated E)When physical barriers are not enough to prevent infection Page 2 Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity Is mediated by what cells?What do they recognize?How are the receptors encoded?Why can't they control all infections alone?What do they do in response to antigen? 2 / 4

16.What happens to a pathogen as it becomes attenuated?A)It becomes more dangerous to the host.B)It gets smaller.C)It has weakened virulence.D)It becomes older.E)All of the answers are correct.

17.Which of the following advances can be credited to progress made in our understanding of immunology?A)Smallpox eradication B)Treatment of asthma C)Ability to transplant human organs D)Cancer treatment E)All of the answers are correct.

18.Which of the following is the BEST example of herd immunity?A)A child infected with measles travels from Germany to the United States. Several babies contract the disease, but the outbreak is largely contained due to vaccinations.B)Certain populations of cattle are less susceptible to infection with encephalitis because of their genetic makeup.C)Once a certain threshold of individuals has been infected with a novel human pathogen, it is unlikely that any more will be.D)Geese and chickens are infected with different strains of influenza because they express different receptors on their cell surface.E)When infection spreads through a population, certain individuals generate stronger immune responses than others.

19.Which of the following diseases does NOT currently have an effective vaccine?A)Chicken pox B)Polio C)HIV D)Smallpox E)Diptheria Page 3 3 / 4

20.Examine Figure 1-8. Which cells are MOST likely responsible for the intense response to Antigen A following a second exposure?A)B cells B)T cells C)Memory T cells D)Memory B cells E)Both memory T cells and memory B cells are responsible.

21.Effectors of the humoral immune system are known as A)antibodies.B)immunoglobulin.C)complement.D)B cells.E)All of the answers are correct.

22.Which of the following cell types are lymphocytes?A)Macrophages B)Mast cells C)Neutrophils D)Erythrocytes E)T cells 23.Which of the following is TRUE about antigens?A)They are always derived from pathogens.B)They are always proteins.C)They are recognized by T cells or B cells.D)They must be microbial in origin.E)They usually cause cellular damage.Page 4

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