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TB1 Chapter 01: Essay
Copyright MacmillanLearning. Poweredby Cognero.Page 1 1.When your best friend hears that you are taking a psychology course, she asserts that psychology is simply common sense. Explain why your awareness of both the limits of everyday reasoning and the methods of psychological research would lead you to disagree with your friend's assertion.
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2.Janet is convinced that most immigrants in the United States are criminals. Discuss four ways in which misperceptions, such as this, are so readily accepted by most people.
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3.Explain how research in psychological science is used to create, test, and verify or disprove various theories.
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4.Professor James wants to examine children's classroom behavior in relation to their peers. Explain how he would use naturalistic observation in his research.
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5.Stephanie is a graduate student who is preparing a survey for her thesis. Her survey will assess health- compromising behaviors among college students, such as drug and alcohol use. What should she know about wording effects when developing her survey? What can she do to make sure that her questions are not worded in such a way as to influence the responses of her participants?
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6.Describing behavior is the first step in being able to predict it. Outline the research method that is used to predict behavior, including how behavior is measured and the types of relationships that are generally found.
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7.Imagine that you are a researcher. Outline a study that you might want to conduct using correlation to determine if a relationship exists between your variables. Identify your variables. What kind of relationship would you expect to find between the variables you selected?
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8.The table below lists the scores of eight students on a test to measure stress, as well as the typical number of drinks each student has daily. Scores on the stress test can range anywhere from a low of 0 (indicating very low anxiety) to a high of 30 (indicating very high anxiety).Anxiety Drinks Student Test Score Consumed Daily
1 8 11
- 9 3
3 15 11
4 14 16
5 21 26
6 12 10
Psychology, 13e David Myers, Nathan DeWall (Test Bank All Chapters, 100% Original Verified, A+ Grade) 1 / 4
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TB1 Chapter 01: Essay
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7 22 24
8 17 18
Construct a scatterplot to represent the correlation between drinking and stress. Describe the direction of the correlation and give two possible explanations for it.
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9.Compare and contrast illusory correlations and regression toward the mean. Provide an example of each.
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10.We know that correlations do not provide cause-effect explanations. Give an example of a correlation, and explain why it does not demonstrate cause and effect.
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11.Design an experiment to test whether playing violent video games influences childhood aggression. Be sure to specify your experimental hypothesis and identify your dependent and independent variables, as well as your experimental and control conditions. Identify any experimental procedures that would help to ensure the reliability of your research.
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12.Dr. Berkowitz would like to investigate the effectiveness of a new treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. Specifically, he would like to determine if it is more effective than current treatments for this disorder.With this in mind, design an experiment using the double-blind procedure and explain how the placebo effect could impact the results of this study. Be sure to identify your dependent and independent variables, as well as any confounding variables. Also, specify your experimental and control conditions. Identify any experimental procedures that would help to ensure the reliability of your research.
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13.Professor Schmidt would like to examine how parental use of corporal punishment during childhood is related, if at all, to increased delinquent behavior when the child is an adolescent. Which research design should he use? What factors would Professor Schmidt consider when deciding which research design is best?
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14.Provide specific research examples that highlight how simplified lab conditions used in experimental research can illuminate human behavior in everyday life.
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15.To investigate the impact of alcohol consumption on sexual arousal, researchers plan to give experimental participants either an alcoholic or a nonalcoholic drink just prior to their watching a sexually arousing movie.Describe the appropriate ethical guidelines that the researchers would need to meet in order to conduct this study.
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16.Five people received the following scores on a personality test: 8, 12, 6, 9, and 15. Calculate the mode, median, mean, and range of this distribution of scores. Which measure of central tendency would change the most if an additional test score of 3 was included in the distribution? 2 / 4
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TB1 Chapter 01: Essay
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17.Outline specific flaws in a research study (sampling or design) that could hinder researchers' ability to generalize findings from the study sample to the population.
ANSWER: 3 / 4
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TB1 Chapter 01: Multiple Choice
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- Unconscious gut feelings, or ________, provide(s) a sharp contrast to explicit, conscious reasoning.
- theory
- chance-based explanation
- common sense
- naturalistic observation
ANSWER: c
- Commonsense thinking has several flaws. Which of the following is NOT one of those flaws?
- hindsight bias
- overconfidence
- scientific inquiry
- perceiving patterns in random events
ANSWER: c
- The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to
- dismiss the value of skepticism.
- reject any ideas that can't be scientifically tested.
- exaggerate their ability to have foreseen an outcome.
- overestimate the extent to which others share their opinions.
ANSWER: c
- Francis is talking to her husband about their son, Marcus, who is in the tenth grade. Marcus seems to have
- hindsight bias.
- overconfidence.
- scientific inquiry.
- perceiving patterns in random events.
changed dramatically. He has found a new group of friends, he stays out past curfew, and he has been caught smoking marijuana. Also, his grades have dropped significantly. Francis' husband remarks, "Of course! Bad associations spoil useful habits." This best demonstrates
ANSWER: a
- A sense of humility regarding the accuracy of our commonsense thinking is most likely to be undermined by
- hindsight bias.
- correlational evidence.
- random assignment.
- operational definitions.
ANSWER: a
- The perception that psychological research findings merely verify our commonsense understanding is most
- random assignment.
- hindsight bias.
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