2022 Oxford University Press

© 2022 Oxford University Press Test Bank Introduction to Corrections, First Edition Joycelyn Pollock

Chapter 1: Corrections and the Challenge of Mass Incarceration

Multiple Choice

• Corrections encompasses all the following except
• pretrial diversion.
• police lockups.
• halfway houses.
• probation.

Answer: b

• Two facts that the author emphasizes about corrections in the U.S. are that Americans

incarcerate more people per capita than most comparable countries, and that a.the U.S. prison population is older than comparable countries.

• recidivism is remarkably high.
• violent crime is much higher in the U.S. than any other.
• we incarcerate fewer juveniles than comparable countries.

Answer: b

• There are about _______ million people in the U.S. under some form of correctional

supervision (prison, jail, or community supervision).

• 1.3
• 3.3
• 6.3
• 9.3

Answer: c

• About 1 in every _______ American adults are under some form of correctional supervision.
• 10
• 20
• 40
• 100

Answer: c

• Roughly how many people were in prison in the United States in 2019?
• 340,000
• 340,000
• 1.5 million
• 2.5 million

Answer: c

Introduction to Corrections, 1e Joycelyn Pollock (Test Bank All Chapters, 100% Original Verified, A+ Grade) 1 / 4

© 2022 Oxford University Press

• Approximately how many state prisons are there in the United States?
• 50
• 100
• 700
• 1700

Answer: d

• About how many people were on probation in the U.S. in 2019?
• 800,000
• 1.5 million
• 3.5 million
• 7.5 million

Answer: c

• Roughly how many people were on parole in the U.S. in 2019?
• 570,000
• 870,000
• 1.7 million
• 2.5 million

Answer: b

• Roughly _______ percent of U.S. prisoners today are incarcerated for drug related crimes.
• 5
• 30
• 50
• 70

Answer: b

• Correctional professionals include all the following except
• correctional officers.
• pretrial investigators.
• psychiatrists.
• defense attorneys.

Answer: d

• Corrections nationwide has been estimated to cost _______ yearly.
• $20 million
• $500 million
• $10 billion
• $80 billion

Answer: d

• The rapid increase in the incarceration rate and number of people in prison began in what

decade?

• 1950s 2 / 4

© 2022 Oxford University Press

• 1960s
• 1970s
• 1980s

Answer: d

• The U.S. has 5 percent of the world’s population and _______ percent of its prisoners.
• 5
• 10
• 25
• 40

Answer: c

• In 2018, the country with the lowest incarceration rate was
• the United Kingdom.
• Finland.
• the Netherlands.
• Spain.

Answer: b

• Imprisonment rates differ from incarceration rates in that they
• exclude minors.
• present the rate per 10,000 people instead of 100,000 people.
• exclude jail prisoners.
• only count yearly averages.

Answer: c

• An imprisonment rate is influenced by all of the following factors except the
• number sent to prison.
• size of the population.
• length of sentence.
• number revoked and returned.

Answer: b

• In the 1970s, the average national imprisonment rate was about _______ per 100,000 people.
• 50
• 100
• 400
• 600

Answer: b

• The imprisonment rate in 2019 was about _______ per 100,000 people.
• 50
• 100
• 400
• 600

Answer: c 3 / 4

© 2022 Oxford University Press

• The states with the lowest and highest imprisonment rates in 2019 were _______ and

_______, respectively.

• Massachusetts; Louisiana
• Vermont; Texas
• California; Florida
• Minnesota; Alabama

Answer: a

• U.S. imprisonment rates between the 1970s and 2010 rose because of all the following except
• criminal laws increasing misdemeanors to felonies.
• a consistent increase in property crime.
• charging patterns of prosecutors.
• an increase in mandatory sentences.

Answer: b

• The imprisonment rates of all Blacks compared to all whites in the U.S. is _______ per

100,000 to _______ per 100,000, respectively.

• 1000; 200
• 400; 200
• 1000; 500
• 500; 100

Answer: a

• All of the following are considered purposes of corrections, except
• retribution.
• deterrence.
• rehabilitation.
• restitution.

Answer: d

• Fair sentencing should consider all the following except
• the seriousness of the crime.
• the level of crime in community.
• victim impact.
• intent.

Answer: b

• All of the following are arguments against decarceration, except
• It will lead to further prison overcrowding.
• It fails to hold offenders accountable for their crimes.
• It will not achieve projected cost savings.
• It will be too expensive.

Answer: a

• Decarceration approaches include the following except
• / 4