2024 LPN NCLEX Exam New Latest Version with All

2024 LPN NCLEX Exam New Latest Version with All Questions and 100% Correct Answers Best Studying Material

A client with burns develops a wound infection. The nurse plans to teach the client that local wound infections primarily are treated with what type of antibiotics?

a) Oral

b) Topical

c) Intravenous

d) Intramuscular ---------- Correct Answer --------- b) Topical

Topical antibiotics are applied directly to the wound and are effective against many gram-positive and gram-negative organisms found on the skin. Although oral, intravenous, and intramuscular antibiotics may be administered, they are most effective for systemic rather than local infections; the vasculature in and around a burn is impaired and the medication may not reach the organisms in the wound.

While conducting a cardiac assessment for a patient who is 78 years old, the nurse notes that the patient is suffering from sinus dysrhythmias. Which cells are reduced in this condition?

a) Conduction cells in the bundle of His

b) Conduction cells in the internodal tracts

c) Conduction cells in the bundle branches

d) Pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial (SA) node ---------- Correct Answer --------- d)

Pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial (SA) node

A reduction in the number of pacemaker cells in the SA node may account for sinus dysrhythmias in the older adult patient. Reductions in the number of conduction cells in the internodal tracts, bundle of His, and bundle branches contribute to the development of atrial dysrhythmias and heart blocks.

A nurse is preparing a patient with left-sided heart failure for diagnostic imaging. The nurse anticipates the diagnostic imaging will show which anomaly?

a) Splenomegaly

b) Hepatomegaly

c) Pleural effusion

d) Mediastinal shift ---------- Correct Answer --------- c) Pleural effusion

Left-sided heart failure leads to pleural effusion. Right-sided heart failure leads to splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. Left-sided heart failure does not lead to mediastinal shift. 1 / 4

A nurse is interpreting the electrocardiogram (ECG) of a patient on the telemetry floor.The patient's ECG has the following characteristics: rate of 85, P wave before every QRS complex, and occurrence of each complex at a regular interval. What should the nurse do first?

a) Call the provider

b) Document findings

c) Obtain a full set of vital signs

d) Prepare the patient for cardioversion ---------- Correct Answer --------- b) Document

findings

The patient's ECG shows a regular rate and rhythm. The nurse should document the findings. It is not necessary to call the provider, obtain vital signs, or prepare the patient for cardioversion

A client with cancer of the thyroid is scheduled for a thyroidectomy. What should the nurse teach the client?

a) The dietary intake of carbohydrates must be restricted.

b) Chemotherapy may be used in conjunction with the surgery.

c) Thyroxine replacement therapy will be required indefinitely.

d) A tracheostomy requires an alternate means of communication. ---------- Correct

Answer --------- c) Thyroxine replacement therapy will be required indefinitely.

Thyroxine is given postoperatively to suppress thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prevent hypothyroidism. Increased intake of carbohydrates and proteins is needed because of the increased metabolic activity associated with hyperthyroidism.Chemotherapy is uncommon; radiation may be used to eradicate remaining tissue. A tracheostomy is not planned; it is needed only in an emergency related to respiratory distress.

A client's diet is modified to eliminate foods that act as cardiac stimulants. The nurse should teach the client to avoid what foods?

a) Iced tea

b) Red meat

c) Club soda

d) Hot cocoa

e) Chocolate pudding ---------- Correct Answer --------- a) Iced tea

d) Hot cocoa

e) Chocolate pudding

Tea contains caffeine, which stimulates catecholamine release and acts as a cardiac stimulant; tea should be avoided. Hot cocoa contains chocolate, which contains caffeine; it stimulates catecholamine release and acts as a cardiac stimulant. Cocoa 2 / 4

should be avoided. The chocolate in chocolate pudding has a high caffeine content, which may stimulate catecholamine release and act as a cardiac stimulant; chocolate should be avoided. Red meat does not stimulate the myocardium; however, it should be decreased or eliminated if serum cholesterol levels are elevated. Club soda does not contain caffeine and does not stimulate the myocardium; however, most club sodas contain sodium, which promotes fluid retention and should be avoided by a client with a cardiac condition.

When obtaining the history of a client recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, the nurse

expects to identify the presence of:

a) Edema

b) Anorexia

c) Weight loss

d) Hypoglycemic episodes ---------- Correct Answer --------- c) Weight loss

Protein and lipid catabolism occur because carbohydrates cannot be used by the cells; this results in weight loss and muscle wasting. Dehydration, not edema, is more likely to occur because of the polyuria associated with hyperglycemia. Polyphagia, not anorexia, occurs with diabetes as the client attempts to meet metabolic needs. Hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia, is present in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

STUDY TIP: Begin studying by setting goals. Make sure they are realistic. A goal of scoring 100% on all exams is not realistic, but scoring an 85% may be a better goal.

A client with a history of hypertension and left ventricular failure arrives for a scheduled clinic appointment and tells the nurse, "My feet are killing me. These shoes got so tight."

The nurse's best initial action is to:

a) Weigh the client

b) Notify the primary health care provider

c) Take the client's pulse rate

d) Listen to the client's breath sounds ---------- Correct Answer --------- d) Listen to the

client's breath sounds

After the assessment protocol of airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs), the nurse should assess the client's breath sounds for crackles that may indicate the development of heart failure. Although the client should be weighed, it is not the priority. Shoes that become too tight indicate pedal edema, which is a sign of fluid retention; 1 L of fluid weighs 2.2 pounds. Eventually the health care provider will be notified, but the nurse should have more data for the practitioner. Taking the client's pulse rate will happen, but not as a priority.

A pregnant client who has a history of cardiac disease asks how she can relieve her occasional heartburn. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid antacids containing:

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a) Sodium

b) Calcium

c) Aluminum

d) Magnesium ---------- Correct Answer --------- a) Sodium

If the client consumes more than the usual daily sodium intake, excess fluid retention results; this will increase the cardiac workload. Antacids that do not contain sodium do not cause fluid retention; it is best for this client to seek medical advice before taking an antacid.

A client is diagnosed with gastroenteritis. What does the nurse determine is the basic intention underlying the unique dietary management for this client?

a) Provide optimal amounts of all important nutrients.

b) Increase the amount of bulk and roughage in the diet.

c) Eliminate chemical, mechanical, and thermal irritation.

d) Promote psychological support by offering a wide variety of foods. ---------- Correct

Answer --------- c) Eliminate chemical, mechanical, and thermal irritation.

Irritation of the mucosa may cause increased bleeding or perforation and therefore should be avoided. All clients' diets should be nutritionally balanced; this is not specific to this client's problem. Bulk and roughage may irritate the mucosa and should be decreased. Psychological support is not the primary goal; efforts should be made to include foods that are psychologically beneficial but eliminate foods that are irritating to the mucosa.

A client is admitted with thrombocytopenia. What specific nursing actions are appropriate to include in the plan of care for this client?

a) Avoid intramuscular injections.

b) Institute neutropenic precautions.

c) Monitor the white blood cell count.

d) Administer prescribed anticoagulants.

e) Examine the skin for ecchymotic areas. ---------- Correct Answer --------- a) Avoid

intramuscular injections.

e) Examine the skin for ecchymotic areas.

Intramuscular injections should be avoided because of the increased risk of bleeding and possible hematoma formation. Decreased platelets increase the risk of bleeding, which leads to ecchymoses. Neutropenic precautions are for clients with decreased white blood cells (WBCs), not platelets. Thrompbocytopenia refers to decreased platelets, not WBCs. Anticoagulants are contraindicated because of the increased bleeding risk.

A health care provider prescribes ophthalmic drops for a client. What should a nurse include in the instructions for a client learning to self-administer eye drops?

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