24, 29-35 Latest Update -

NU 578 Controlled Substances Chapters 21-22, 24, 29-35 Latest Update - Questions with 100% Verified Correct Answers with Guaranteed A+ Verified by Professor

Absence seizures (petit mal) - CORRECT ANSWER: 10 to 30 sec loss of

consciousness with eyelid fluttering, abruptly stop activity

Pt may experience hundreds of absence attacks a day.

Occur primarily in children and usually cease during the early teen years.

Antagonism of Glutamate - CORRECT ANSWER: Felbamate and Topiramate (both

block the actions of glutamate at NMDA receptors and thereby suppress neuronal excitation)

Glutamic acid is the primary excitatory transmitter in the CNS. The compound works through 2 receptors: 1) N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), 2) alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5- methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA).

Perampanel is an AMPA glutamate receptor antagonist

Atonic seizure (drop attack) - CORRECT ANSWER: generalized seizure characterized by sudden loss of muscle tone and strength; may cause the head to drop suddenly, objects to fall from the hands, or the legs to lose strength, with falling and potential injury

typically seen in children

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Carbamazepine (Tegretol, Epitol) - CORRECT ANSWER: - Is active against partial

seizures and tonic-clonic sz but not absence sz. First drug of choice for partial sz. Can provide symptomatic control in pts with bipolar and is often effective in pts who are refractory to lithium.

• tolerance usually develops with continued use.

Mechanism of Action: delayed recovery of sodium channels from their inactivated state.

Pharmacokinetics: its half-life decreases as therapy progresses. Induces hepatic drug- metabolizing enzymes.

Dosage consideration: Give at bedtime to help reduce adverse CNS effects.

Adverse Effects: visual disturbances, ataxia, vertigo, unsteadiness and headache, bone marrow suppression (causing leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia), teratogenic, inhibit renal excretion of water by promoting secretion of antidiuretic hormone, hyponatremia, SJS, TEN

complex partial seizure - CORRECT ANSWER: Sz is characterized by impaired

consciousness and lack of responsiveness.

At Sz onset, pt becomes motionless and stares with a fixed gaze. This state is followed by a period of automatism, in which the pt performs repetitive, purposeless movements, such as lip smaking or hand wringing. Sz last 45 to 90 seconds

Contraception and Pregnancy Concerns with Antiseizure Drugs - CORRECT ANSWER:

These decrease oral contraceptive effectiveness: carbamazepine, eslicarbazepine, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, rufinamide and topiramate.

Follow guidelines can help decrease fetal risk.

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