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Name: Class: Date: TB1 Module 1 - Essay Copyright MacmillanLearning. Poweredby Cognero.Page 1 1.Explain why psychology is a science.
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2.Explain what the empirical approach is, and provide an example of its use in psychological science.
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3.Outline the three key aspects of a scientific attitude, and provide an example of each.
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4.An online advertisement from a juice company claims that their products can prevent disease, detoxify the body, and reverse the aging process. Describe how the scientific attitude would enable someone to think in an intelligent way about these claims.
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5.Discuss why it is important to be aware of one's vulnerability to error.
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6.Explain the relationship between the scientific attitude, critical thinking, and psychological science.
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7.Soon after having a dream about an old childhood friend, Shawna receives an email from the friend saying they'll be in town and hopes to catch up. The following week, Shawna dreams that their neighbor has a new puppy and learns the next day that their neighbor is indeed planning to get a dog. Shawna begins to tell their friends and coworkers that their dreams are able to predict the future. Use critical thinking to assess the potential accuracy of Shawna's statement.
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8.How did the field of psychology react to the first women who were interested in the field? Give specific examples. How has the treatment of women in the field changed over time?
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9.Describe how psychology has changed since its early origins as the study of mental processes to the science it is today.
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10.Ali's friend Genji, a chemistry major, has trouble believing that psychology is a science. "If we can't observe other people's thoughts and feelings, how could psychology possibly be a science?" they ask. Explain how Edward Titchener and John B. Watson would have responded to their skepticism.
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11.Compare and contrast behaviorism, Freudian psychology, and humanistic psychology.
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12.Using examples, provide support for the claim that the same underlying processes guide the behavior and mental processes of people everywhere.Psychology 14e David Myers, Nathan DeWall, June Gruber (Test Bank All Chapters, 100% Original Verified, A+ Grade) 1 / 4
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TB1 Module 1 - Essay
Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
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- Describe how the cognitive revolution led to the development of cognitive psychology and later cognitive
neuroscience.
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- Explain how the nature–nurture issue is debated in the field of psychology.
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- Explain how culture and gender help shape people's attitudes, behaviors, and standards, then discuss the
idea that humans are all more alike than different.
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- Obinze, who has felt unhappy with themselves and their life for several months, makes an appointment with
Dr. Xi. In their first meeting, Dr. Xi explains to Obinze that they are a positive psychologist. What does this mean, and in what ways might Dr. Xi be able to help Obinze?
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- Narek, who is eight, has trouble sitting still and focusing in school. They often disrupt their class by talking
over the teacher and not following instructions. Describe how a biopsychosocial approach might provide both an integrated explanation of Narek's classroom behavior and practical suggestions for helping Narek to cope more effectively with challenges.
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- When Gaurav tells their friend Miriam that they're interested in someday becoming a psychologist, she says,
"That's great for you, but I don't think I'd be good at helping people with mental illnesses." How could Gaurav use their knowledge of psychology's perspectives and subfields to expand Miriam's limited understanding of career opportunities for psychologists?
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- Compare and contrast some of the subfields of psychology that are most likely to involve basic research.
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- How might the application of psychological principles improve someone's own life?
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- Describe the SQ3R study method, and explain how a student could apply it to their own studies.
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TB1 Module 1 - Multiple Choice
Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
- Which of these is an evidence-based method that draws on observation and experimentation?
- critical thinking
- structuralism
- empirical approach
- humanistic psychology
ANSWER: c
- Which of these statements is NOT true of the empirical approach to research?
- It requires a scientific attitude.
- It is evidence-based.
- It draws on observation and experimentation.
- It requires a cynical attitude.
ANSWER: d
- Professor Liu uses scientific procedures to test whether watching violent videos increases the frequency of
- functionalism.
- Freudian psychology.
- an empirical approach.
- positive psychology.
aggressive behavior among participants. This best illustrates
ANSWER: c
- Ceylan is pregnant. Her friend claims to be able to predict the baby's sex and birth date. To test this claim,
- introspection.
- critical thinking.
- the empirical approach.
- the biopsychosocial approach.
Ceylan can use
ANSWER: c
- Putting a scientific attitude into practice requires humility as well as
- enhanced critical thinking.
- a biopsychosocial approach.
- curiosity and skepticism.
- functionalism.
ANSWER: c
- Professor Said, who conducts psychological research, realizes that researchers may err as a result of personal
- enhanced critical thinking.
- a lack of curiosity. 3 / 4
bias. Professor Said is demonstrating
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TB1 Module 1 - Multiple Choice
Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
- increased skepticism.
- an attitude of humility.
ANSWER: d
- One of psychology's early mottos was "the rat is always right." Which aspect of the scientific attitude did this
- humility
- respect for animals
- curiosity
- skepticism
represent?
ANSWER: a
- In one nine-country study that asked 40,000 teens which of 16 math concepts were familiar, boys from
- claimed to know nonexistent concepts.
- recalled fewer terms than females from advantaged backgrounds.
- recalled more terms than females from advantaged backgrounds.
- could not remember anything.
advantaged backgrounds often
ANSWER: a
- Three key elements of the scientific attitude are
- skepticism, enthusiasm, and ingenuity.
- ingenuity, humility, and certainty.
- certainty, creativity, and curiosity.
- curiosity, skepticism, and humility.
ANSWER: d
- A desire to use data to evaluate predictions is related to
- structuralism.
- curiosity.
- functionalism.
- the biopsychosocial approach.
ANSWER: b
- As scientists, psychologists believe that claims about human behavior need to be supported with evidence.
- curiosity.
- humility.
- skepticism.
- behaviorism.
They are expressing an attitude of
ANSWER: c
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