2.The black-box refers to testing the correctness of the program; that is, making sure that the program

1 Chapter 1 1.a. true; b. false; c. false; d. false; e. false; f. true; g. false; h. false 2.The black-box refers to testing the correctness of the program; that is, making sure that the program does what it is supposed to do. In black-box testing, you do not know the internal working of the algorithm or function. You know only what the function does. Black-box testing is based on inputs and outputs.

3.The white-box refers to testing the correctness of the program; that is, making sure that the program does what it is supposed to do. White-box testing relies on the internal structure and implementation of a function or algorithm. The objective is to ensure that every part of the function or algorithm is executed at least once.

4.

Precondition: The value of x must be nonnegative.

Postcondition: If the value of x is nonnegative, the function returns the positive square root of x; otherwise, the program terminates.

5.a. O(n 2 ) b.O(n 3 ) c.O(n 3 ) d.O(n) e.O(n) f.O(nlog2n) 6.12 7.a. 43 b.4n + 3 c.O(n)

8.-51, -50, -49, -1, 0, 1, 49, 50, 51

9.One possible answer is as follows:

int sumSquares(int n) { int sum = 0; for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) sum = sum + j * j; return sum; } The function sumSquares is of the order O(n).

• The for loop has n iterations. Each time through the loop a fixed number of statements execute.

Hence, this algorithm is O(n). Now each time through the loop there are two additions . Thus, the number of additions is 2n.

11.The for loop has 2n-4 iterations. Each time through the loop a fixed number of statements execute.Hence, this algorithm is O(n). Now each time through the loop there is one addition, one subtraction, Data Structures Using C++ 2e D. S. Malik (Solutions Manual All Chapters, 100% Original Verified, A+ Grade) All Chapters Solutions Manual Supplement files download link at the end of this file.

ANSWERS TO EXERCISES 1 / 4

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and one multiplication. Thus, the numbers of additions is 2n-4, the number of subtractions is 2n-4, and the number of multiplications is 2n-4.

• The outer for loop has 2n iterations. For each iteration of the outer loop, the inner loop has n

iterations. Hence, the total number of iterations of these loops is 2nn=2n². This implies that this algorithm is O(n²).

• There are three nested for loop and each of these loops has n iterations. For each iteration of the outer

loop, the middle loop has n iterations. Thus, the middle loop executes n times and has n² iterations. For each iteration of the middle loop, the inner most loop has n iterations. It follows that the inner most loop has n³ iterations. Hence, this algorithm is O(n³).

14. a. Constructors have no type. Therefore, the statement:

int AA(int, int);

should be :

AA(int, int);

• Missing semicolon after }.
• There should be a : after the member access specifier public. (Replace ; with : after the label

public.) 15.

• 6
• 2
• 2

d.void xClass::func() { u = 10; v = 15.3; }

e.void xClass::print() { cout << u << " " << v << endl; }

f.xClass::xClass() { u = 0; v = 0; }

• x.print();
• xClass t(20, 35.0);

16.

• (i) Constructor at Line 1

(ii) Constructor at Line 3 (iii) Constructor at Line 4 b.

CC::CC()

{ u = 0; v = 0;

} 2 / 4

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c.

CC::CC(int x) { u = x; v = 0; } d.CC::CC(int x, int y) { u = x; v = y; }

CC::CC(double x, int y) { u = y; v = x; }

17. 00:00:00

23:13:00

06:59:39

07:00:39

The two times are different.

• (a)-(c)

class secretType {

public:

void print() const; void setName(string); void setAge(int); void setWeight(int); void setHeight(double); string getName() const; int getAge() const; int getWeight() const; int getHeight() const; secretType(string = "", int = 0, int = 0, double = 0.0);

private:

string name; int age; int weight; double height; };

d.void secretType:: print() const {

cout << "Name: " << name << endl;

cout << "Age: " << age << endl;

cout << "Weight: " << weight << endl;

cout << "Height: " << height << endl;

}

void secretType::setName(string n) 3 / 4

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{ name = n; }

void secretType::setAge(int a) { age = a; }

void secretType::setWeight(int w) { weight = w; }

void secretType::setHeight(double h) { height = h; }

string secretType::getName() const { return name; }

int secretType::getAge() const { return age; }

int secretType::getWeight() const { return weight; }

int secretType::getHeight() const { return height; }

secretType::secretType(string n, int a, int w, double h) { name = n; age = a; weight = w; height = h; }

• a. personType student("Buddy", " Arora");
• student.print();
• student.setName("Susan", "Miller");

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