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3P Cardiovascular
- A patient describes chest pain as pressing, squeezing, and tight lasting between 1 and 3
minutes.These symptoms are more characteristic of:
Answer: myocardial infarction.
- A patient complains of pain in the arch of the foot sometimes relieved by rest.
Occasionally, he experiences intermittent pain in the toes, especially atrest. Exercise aggravates the pain in the arch. History reveals he smokes approximately a half pack of
cigarettes per day. These symptoms may be consistent with:
Answer: thromboangiitis obliterans.
3. Symptoms of orthostatic hypotension include all of the following except:
Answer: -respiratory rate greater than 30.
- Characteristic symptoms of chronic arterial insufficiency may include which one of the
following?
Answer: Feet appear pale on elevation and dusky red ondependency
- When auscultating the heart, a scratchy, continuous murmur is audible during atrial systole
and ventricular systole and diastole.This finding may beindicative of a:
Answer: pericardial friction rub.
- In order to assess for varicosities in the lower extremities, position thepatient:
Answer: standing.
- The amplitude of the pulse in a patient in cardiogenic shock would mostlikely appear:
Answer: thready.
8. The four classic structural defects of Tetralogy of Fallot include:
Answer: a ventricular septal defect, an overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy.
- When auscultating the heart of a 55-year- old patient, a loud murmur witha thrill is audible
in the right second intercostal space that radiates to the carotid arteries. Also noted is a crescendo-decrescendo pitch audible at theapex. The murmur is heard best with the patient
sitting and leaning forward.This finding is consistent with:
Answer: aortic stenosis.
10. When palpating the carotid pulse, it is important to:
Answer: position the patient inthe lying or sitting positions. 1 / 2
- When percussing the chest in a patient who has left sided heart failure, thesound emanated
would be:
Answer: resonant.
12. In older adults, the presence of heart sound S4 suggests:
Answer: hypertension.
13. Men between the ages of 40 and 64 years should be screened yearlyfor:
Answer: hypertension.
- Presence of a heart murmur in a child would be considered organic if thechild:
Answer: was a 2-year-old with a congenital heart defect.
- A three-week-old infant presents with a generalized lacy, reticulated bluediscoloration of
the skin. This is suggestive of:
Answer: cutis marmorata.
- A widened pulse pressure greater than or equal to 60 in an older patient isa risk factor for
cardiovascular disease, stroke, and:
Answer: renal disease.
17. Absent or diminished pulses in the wrist could be indicative of:
Answer: arterialocclusive disease.
- A patient presents with chest pain that radiates to the left side of the neck and down the
left arm when he chops wood. This type of pain could besuggestive of:
Answer: angina pectoris.
- A patient suspected of having chronic venous insufficiency, may presentwith:
Answer: a brownish discoloration just above the malleolus.
- Pain with walking or prolonged standing, radiating from the spinal area into the buttocks,
thighs, lower legs, or feet, may be seen with:
Answer: neurogenicclaudication.
- While auscultating the patient's heart, a medium, soft murmur is audible. It is pansystolic
and heard loudest at the apex with radiation to the left axilla.These findings are consistent
with:
Answer: mitral regurgitation.
- A bruit heard in the epigastric area with both systolic and diastolic com-ponents is
suggestive of:
Answer: renal artery stenosis.
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