4, 7, 11, 21, 25, 35

Test Bank—Chapter 1 1-1

• Multiple Choice

NOTE: The following items also appear in the online study guide that is available to students:

4, 7, 11, 21, 25, 35

• In 1992, psychology celebrated the centennial of
• the creation of the Archives of the History of American Psychology
• the establishment of the American Psychological Association
• the founding of Wundt’s laboratory at Leipzig
• the creation of the Cheiron Society
• Robert Watson was instrumental in developing interest in psychology’s history in the 1960s. During this

time he accomplished all of the following except

• played a key role in forming APA’s Division 26 (on history)
• was first Director of doctoral program in psychology’s history at UNH
• established and became the first director of the Archives of the History of American Psychology
• had a key role in forming Cheiron
• Early in the chapter, what was the purpose of describing the formation of the Association for

Psychological Science (APS)?

• to show that understanding the present requires knowing the past
• to show that the most important reason for studying history is to be able to predict the future
• to show that psychology can never be a unified discipline
• to show that most psychologists know little and care little about history
• Which of the following is the least important reason for studying history (in general, not just

psychology’s history)?

• it enables us to understand the present better
• knowing history is the only sure way to predict the future
• it prevents us from thinking that things were always much better in the past
• it helps us to understand human nature
• What was the purpose of the Boorstin quote from his essay The Prison of the Present?
• to show that a full understanding of the present requires knowing the past
• to show that the most important reason for studying history is to be able to predict the future
• to show that knowing history prevents us from thinking that things were always better in the

past (“the good old days”) than they are now

• to show that most psychologists prefer to live in the past
• Which of the following is the least valuable reason for studying psychology’s history?
• it will enable us to avoid the mistakes of the past
• it will help synthesize the content learned in other psychology courses
• it helps enable us better understand the present status of psychology
• issues of importance 100 years ago are still important today
• Furumoto’s concept of “old” history is characterized by
• internal history
• naturalistic history
• an emphasis on historical context
• historicism
• Furumoto’s concept of “new” history is characterized by
• internal history
• personalistic history
• an emphasis on the history of ideas
• historicism

A History of Modern Psychology 4e James Goodwin (Test Bank All Chapters, 100% Original Verified, A+ Grade) Answers At The End Of Each Chapter 1 / 4

Test Bank—Chapter 1 Goodwin History, 4e 1-2 9.If you accuse someone of being excessively “presentist,” it means that this person

• believes that the present can only be understood by understanding the past
• thinks that the past should be evaluated by using the standards of the present
• believes that history is of no importance at all to the present
• thinks that the present can be understood because it is happening now, but the past can

never be understood

• Someone taking a naturalistic approach to history would say
• Darwin revolutionized biology; the nineteenth century would have been completely different

without him

• history changes because special people (e.g., Einstein) force history to change
• I’m not at all surprised that two people (Darwin & Wallace) thought of the idea of natural

selection at about the same time

• the importance of the zeitgeist has been overstated

11.Someone taking a naturalistic approach to history would say that

• without Descartes, the history of reflex action would be totally different
• history changes because of the work of highly creative and forceful individuals
• the importance of the zeitgeist has been overstated; people are more important

d.biography matters, but the zeitgeist is a more critical factor 12.The existence of “multiples” supports which of the following?

• naturalistic approach
• internal approach
• personalistic approach
• presentist approach

13.The existence of “multiples”

• refutes the idea that the zeitgeist is important
• supports a naturalistic more than a personalistic viewpoint
• supports a personalistic more than a naturalistic viewpoint
• demonstrates the dangers of presentism

14.According to a historicist approach to history,

• the past should be understood with reference to the values and understandings of the past
• the past should be evaluated by using the standards of the present
• the present can only be understood by knowing the past
• the present can be understood because it is happening now, but the past can never be

understood 15.Someone taking a personalistic approach to history would say that

• without Descartes, the history of reflex action would be totally different
• the importance of the zeitgeist has been overstated
• both alternatives a. and b.
• none of the above

16.In contrasting “old” and “new” history, Furumoto described the old way of doing history as

• historicist, internal, and presentist
• external, presentist, and naturalistic
• personalistic, internal, and presentist
• contextual, presentist, and personalistic 2 / 4

Test Bank—Chapter 1 Goodwin History, 4e 1-3

• Which of the following is true about an external history of psychology?
• it examines the influence of such things as the social and political context in which

important events occurred

• it emphasizes the importance of how theories evolve (that is, an external history is a

history of ideas)

• it emphasizes the accomplishments of great individuals
• it evaluates the past with reference to present knowledge and values

• Someone arguing for the importance of the zeitgeist
• prefers a personalistic rather than a naturalistIc history
• believes that “the men make the times”
• emphasizes the importance of history’s frequent “multiples”
• believes that the social and political context is not relevant

• To say that “without Descartes, the history of reflex action would be totally different” is to take a
• contextual approach to history
• naturalistic view of history
• personalistic view of history
• presentist approach of history

• Compared to the “new” history, the “old,” traditional way of looking at psychology’s history is

characterized by

• a historicist approach
• a naturalistic approach
• an internal approach
• a contextual approach

• When reading about Goddard and the immigrants, someone taking a presentist approach would
• emphasize how Goddard and others were affected by the theory of evolution
• try to understand the zeitgeist
• concentrate on understanding the mental processes involved in scoring well on an IQ test
• criticize Goddard for failing to recognize the importance of an immigrant’s cultural background

• When reading about Goddard and the immigrants, someone taking a historicist approach would
• emphasize how Goddard and others were influenced by the promise of the new “scientific”

technology of the IQ test

• conclude that Goddard was hopelessly biased in his beliefs about immigrants
• concentrate on understanding the mental processes involved in scoring well on an IQ test
• be critical of Goddard for failing to recognize the importance of an immigrant’s background

background

• A history of cognitive psychology that emphasized the fact that the 1960s were a time of protest and

change would be

• a personalistic history
• an economic history
• an internal history
• an external history

• An internal history of cognitive psychology would focus on
• how cognitive psychologists were influenced by developments in computer science
• the problems that behaviorism had in accounting for human language learning
• changes within the minds of the behaviorists, who then converted to cognitive psychology
• the effects of the historical context (e.g., the 1960s) on psychologists

• / 4

Test Bank—Chapter 1 Goodwin History, 4e 1-4

• Watsonian behaviorism, Darwinian biology, and Freudian psychoanalysis are examples of
• multiples
• eponyms
• a naturalistic rather than a personalistic strategy
• an external rather than an internal strategy

• You will learn in Chapter 5 that while Darwin was developing his theory of evolution, Alfred Russel

Wallace had almost the identical idea at about the same time. This type of thing happens occasionally in history and illustrates

• a multiple
• the importance of zeitgeist
• both alternatives a. and b.
• none of the above

• What used to be called the “great man” theory of history
• emphasized the existence of multiples
• emphasized the importance of zeitgeist
• was more of an external than an internal approach
• emphasized eponyms

• E. G. Boring’s approach to history could be characterized by which of the following?
• it was strongly presentist
• it was personalistic
• it emphasized the importance of the zeitgeist
• Boring believed that the best way to summarize historical events was to use eponyms

• E. G. Boring favored a naturalistic approach to history, but recognized the appeal of a personalistic

approach. This latter strategy persists, according to Boring, for several reasons. Which of the following was not one of the reasons listed by him?

• there is a human need to recognize individual accomplishment
• it helps to reduce the complexity of complicated historical events
• it is consistent with the human tendency to categorize (i.e., into eponyms)
• the concept of the zeitgeist has an intuitive appeal to people

• In a quotation about the development of educational psychology, Ross criticized the use of the

zeitgeist concept, arguing that

• to say that some event occurred because of the zeitgeist fails to explain the event at all
• it overlooks the importance of social, political, and economic contexts
• it relies too heavily on eponyms
• it is too presentist, internal, and personalistic

• In order to overcome presentist thinking, at least to a degree, what did historian Bernard Bailyn

recommend?

• focus on the actions of great people, rather than the zeitgeist
• try to evaluate past actions with today’s value system
• try to identify and clearly separate the winners from the losers in a historical episode
• avoid thinking of individuals as heroic or a villain if the judgments about them were not clear

at the time

• Historiography refers to
• the methods used to carry out historical research
• the writing of history
• both alternatives a. and b.
• none of the above

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