67 test bank questions and answers

Complete summary Theories of Management Organisational Behaviour (MGMT20001) Year 2025

Undergraduate level 2 / Points: 12.5

University of Melbourne

• 67 test bank questions and answers
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Theories of Management Taylor’s principles of scientific management  Emphasized scientific approach to the study of management and sought to make organization efficient operating machines. This strips the individual of their choice and creativity, following only what was needed of them to make the process as efficient and effective as possible to increase productivity.1)Managers precisely specify every element of an employee’s work which replaces the old rule-of-thumb methods.2)Managers select and then train, teach and develop employees, unlike in the past when employees chose their own work and trained themselves.3)Managers are responsible for ensuring that all work is done according to their specifications

4)There is a division of labor based on expertise: managers manage

because of their superior knowledge while employees do what they are best at.Why have scientific management?A)Improve labor productivity through scientifically determined changes in management processes B)Develop a science for each element of an employee’s job C)Select workers with appropriate abilities for each job D)Scientifically select and then train, teach, develop each employee E)Heartily cooperate with each other F)Assure an equal division of work and responsibility between managers and non-managers G)Support workers by planning and work (eliminate interruptions) H)Provide wage incentives to workers for increased output.In essence, this theory proposes that the best and most qualified employee should be trained at one repetitive task in order for them to excel at that one task. This will cause less time to complete the task, and thus increases the productivity. Incentives are given.

Advantage: 3 / 4

1)Productive because of speed 2)Job security because of incentives (in the past)

Disadvantage:

1)People get bored  high turnovers 2)Choice is very important in businesses nowadays 3)Plays down the psychological and social aspects of the organization 4)Views people as interchangeable parts (no human rights).5)Belief that managerial authority is based on scientific impartiality, but as human beings, we are complex creatures that can never be viewed as fully objective.

Application today:

1)Time and motion studies to increase productivity (e.g. McD) 2)Hire the best qualified employees 3)Design incentive system based on output (e.g. investment banks).4)The separation of “conception” and “execution” (Managers think, and workers do) 5)Standardization of tasks Hawthorne Studies  Emphasized understanding of human behavior, needs and attitudes in the workplace by drawing on psychology, and its impact on motivation, communication, leadership and human resource management. In essence, the human relations movement fostered the belief that effective control comes from within the individual and enlightened treatment of employees.Hawthorne Studies History Conducted from 1927-1932 at the Western Electric Hawthorne works in Chicago, where Harvard business school professor Elton Mayo examined productivity and working conditions

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