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UNIT VI
A). Diabetes, and antidiabetic drugs
By: Muhammad Aurangzeb
Lecturer-INS/KMU
Objectives By the completion of this section the learners will be
able to:
•Discuss the role of Insulin in metabolic process.•Discuss different types of anti-diabetic agents with their mode of action, side effects and care.•List the principles of therapy for all anti-diabetic agents.•State reasons for combinations of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents.•Calculate drug dosage accurately.
Diabetes Mellitus •Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by a high blood glucose concentration (hyperglycemia).•Diabetes develops when the level of blood sugar increases due to insufficient or ineffective insulin. Fasting plasma glucose of 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or more, documented on more than one occasion.What is metabolic disorder?•Metabolic disorder occurs when the metabolism process fails and causes the body to have either too much or too little of the essential substances needed to stay healthy.Disease in the liver, pancreas, endocrine glands or other organs involved in metabolism lead to metabolic disorder.Insulin resistance (IR) is a pathological condition in which cells fail to respond normally to the hormone insulin
Types
• Type 1 diabetes: In type 1 there is selective beta cell
(B cell) destruction and severe or absolute insulin deficiency
•Type 2 diabetes: it is characterized by tissue
resistance to the action of insulin combined with a relative deficiency in insulin secretion
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