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1 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 1 An Introduction to Geology
1) What are the basic differences between the disciplines of physical and historical geology?
- Physical geology is the study of fossils and sequences of rock strata; historical geology is the
- Historical geology involves the study of rock strata, fossils, and geologic events, utilizing the
- Physical geology involves the study of rock strata, fossils, and deposition in relation to plate
- None of the above—physical geology and historical geology are essentially the same.
study of how rocks and minerals were used in the past.
geologic time scale as a reference; physical geology includes the study of how rocks form and of how erosion shapes the land surface.
movements in the geologic past; historical geology charts how and where the plates were moving in the past.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter Subhead: 1.1 Geology: The Science of Earth
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
2) ________ was the highly influential, ancient Greek philosopher noted for his writings and teachings on natural philosophy and on the workings of the Earth.
- Nero
- Odysseus
- Aristotle
- Pappagapolis
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter Subhead: 1.2 The Development of Geology
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
3) Compared to the age of the Earth accepted as correct today, how did seventeenth and eighteenth century proponents of catastrophism envision the Earth's age?
- They believed Earth to be much older than current estimates.
- They believed it to be about the same as current estimates, give or take a few million years.
- They believed Earth to be much younger than current estimates.
- None of the above—they didn't really address the age of Earth.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter Subhead: 1.2 The Development of Geology
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
(Essentials of Geology, 13e Frederick Lutgens, Edward Tarbuck, Dennis Tasa) (Test Bank, For Complete File, Download link at the end of this File) 1 / 4
2 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.4) ________ was an important eighteenth century English geologist and proponent of uniformitarianism.
- Charles Lyell
- Isaac Newton
- James Hutton
- James Ussher
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter Subhead: 1.2 The Development of Geology
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
5) ________ is often paraphrased as "the present is the key to the past."
- Biblical prophecy
- Uniformitarianism
- Aristotelian logic
- Catastrophism
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter Subhead: 1.2 The Development of Geology
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
6) ________, a popular natural philosophy of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, was based on a firm belief in a very short geologic history for Earth.
- Ecospherism
- Exoschism
- Uniformitarianism
- Catastrophism
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter Subhead: 1.2 The Development of Geology
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
7) The currently accepted age of the Earth is ________ years.
- 4.6 thousand
- 6.4 trillion
- 4.6 billion
- 6.4 million
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter Subhead: 1.2 The Development of Geology
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
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3 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.8) Which of the following best describes the fundamental concept of superposition?
- Strata with fossils are generally deposited on strata with no fossils.
- Older strata generally are deposited on younger strata without intervening, intermediate age
- Older fossils in younger strata indicate a locally inverted geologic time scale.
- Any sedimentary deposit accumulates on older rock or sediment layers.
strata.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter Subhead: 1.2 The Development of Geology
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
9) The Geologic Time Scale represents ________.
- the previous 100,000 years of Earth's history
- the entire 4.6 billion-year history of Earth
- the span of geologic time since humans existed
- the span of geologic time since dinosaurs existed
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter Subhead: 1.2 The Development of Geology
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
10) The ________ division of the geologic time scale makes up over 88 percent of geologic time.
- Cenozoic
- Precambrian
- Paleozoic
- Mesozoic
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter Subhead: 1.2 The Development of Geology
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
11) A ________ is a well-tested and widely accepted view that best explains certain scientific observations.
- hypothesis
- generalization
- law
- theory
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter Subhead: 1.3 The Nature of Scientific Inquiry
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
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4 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.12) All of the following are possible steps of scientific investigation EXCEPT for ________.
- the collection of scientific facts through observation and measurement
- assumption of conclusions without prior experimentation or observation
- the development of one or more working hypotheses or models to explain facts
- development of observations and experiments to test the hypotheses
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter Subhead: 1.3 The Nature of Scientific Inquiry
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
13) Which of the following choices best illustrates the proper order of the steps in a scientific investigation?
- Analyze data, conduct background research, form a hypothesis.
- Form a hypothesis, conduct background research, analyze data.
- Raise a question from the natural world, construct a hypothesis, test the hypothesis.
- Develop observations, conduct background research, form a question about the natural world.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Chapter Subhead: 1.3 The Nature of Scientific Inquiry
Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing
14) The ________ refers to the sum total of all life on Earth.
- hydrosphere
- atmosphere
- biosphere
- asthenosphere
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter Subhead: 1.4 Earth as a System
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
15) The ________ is not a part of the Earth's physical environment.
- solid Earth
- astrosphere
- hydrosphere
- atmosphere
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter Subhead: 1.4 Earth as a System
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
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