ABFM KSA Diabetes V2 Latest

ABFM + KSA Diabetes V2 (Latest Update 2025 / 2026) Questions & Answers | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Answers)

Question:

True statements regarding diabetic retinopathy include which of the following? (Mark all that are true.)

• Laser photocoagulation therapy has not been shown to be of benefit in

patients with macular edema

• Retinopathy is a contraindication to aspirin therapy
• Glycemic control has been shown to prevent and delay progression of

retinopathy

• There is no evidence that blood pressure control has a favorable impact on

the progression of diabetic retinopathy

• Panretinal photocoagulation has been shown to red

Answer:

C AND E

The management of diabetic retinopathy calls for control of medical factors known to affect retinopathy and its progression. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) demonstrated that tight glycemic control favorably affected the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy. High blood pressure is an established risk factor for the development of macular edema and is associated with the presence of proliferative diabetic 1 / 4

retinopathy; lowering blood pressure was shown by the UKPDS study to reduce the risk of progression. There is no evidence that aspirin therapy has a favorable effect on retinopathy. The presence of retinopathy is not a contraindication to aspirin therapy for cardioprotection since this therapy has not been shown to increase the risk of retinal hemorrhage. Panretinal photocoagulation has been shown to reduce severe visual loss in patients with diabetic retinopathy, particularly in those with disc revascularization or vitreous hemorrhage with any ret

Question:

Which of the following can cause a high anion gap metabolic acidosis? (Mark all that are true.)

• Severe diarrhea
• Ethylene glycol toxicity
• Salicylate toxicity
• Alcoholic ketoacidosis
• Renal tubular acidosis

Answer:

B, C, D

A high anion gap metabolic acidosis is defined as a metabolic acidosis associated with an anion gap [serum Na+ - (serum HCO3- + serum Cl-)] that exceeds 10-12 mmol/L. The differential diagnosis includes diabetic ketoacidosis, alcoholic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, renal failure (acute and chronic), starvation, salicylate toxicity, ethylene glycol toxicity, methanol poisoning, and paraldehyde toxicity.

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Question:

A 48-year-old overweight female with a 5-year history of type 2 diabetes sees you for a follow-up visit. Her diabetes has been well controlled for the past year with metformin (Glucophage), 850 mg twice daily, and glipizide (Glucotrol XL), 5 mg daily. She is surprised to learn that her hemoglobin A1c has risen to 7.9%, from 6.8% 6 months ago, despite the fact that she has lost 5 lb. In addition to her diabetes medications she takes atorvastatin (Lipitor), 40 mg daily. She began taking vitamin E,

Answer:

B

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is formed in the blood when glucose attaches to hemoglobin. Since the attachment of glucose to hemoglobin occurs slowly and continuously over the lifespan of erythrocytes, laboratory measurement of HbA1c provides an index of average glucose over the preceding weeks to months. Although the level of HbA1c is affected by all circulating erythrocytes, HbA1c normally represents a weighted average of blood glucose levels during the preceding 120 days (the lifespan of a normal red blood cell).As a result, glucose levels in the preceding 30 days contribute more to the level of HbA1c than do glucose levels 90-120 days earlier. Any condition that prolongs the life of the erythrocyte or is associated with reduced red cell turnover exposes the red cell to glucose for a longer period of time, resulting in higher HbA1c levels. Conditions associated with decreased red blood cell turnover include iron deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, folate deficiency, and asplenia

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Question:

A 67-year-old male with type 2 diabetes mellitus is evaluated for intermittent claudication and is found to have a right ankle-brachial index of 0.65. He has no history of hypertension and his urine is negative for microalbuminuria.True statements regarding this situation include which of the following? (Mark all that are true.) Cilostazol (Pletal) has been shown to improve walking distance Supervised exercise therapy has been shown to improve walking distance Percutaneous revascularization with

Answer:

A, B, D

Peripheral vascular disease is classified by the National Cholesterol Education Program as a coronary heart disease equivalent because the associated risk of future major coronary events is comparable to that of established coronary heart disease (>20% over 10 years). Since cardiovascular events remain the principal cause of death in patients with peripheral vascular disease, aspirin therapy should be strongly considered in this population. Two noninvasive interventions that have been shown to improve walking distance in patients with peripheral arterial disease are supervised exercise therapy and the use of cilostazol, a type III phosphodiesterase inhibitor. A randomized, controlled trial found that a home-based walking exercise program improves walking endurance, physical activity, and speed in patients with peripheral artery disease.Evidence-based guidelines from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology support the use of an ACE inhibitor for se

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