ACS BIOCHEMISTRY EXAM Latest Update -

ACS BIOCHEMISTRY EXAM Latest Update -

250 Questions and Verified Correct Answers Golden Ticket to Guaranteed A+ Verified by Professor

2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate - CORRECT ANSWER: inhibits carbamoylated rubisco.Synthesized in the dark and is broken down by rubisco activase or light.

A-form DNA - CORRECT ANSWER: Condensed form of DNA. Deeper major groove

and shallower minor groove.

ACC (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) Regulation - CORRECT ANSWER: Inhibited by PKA in

glucagon chain and activated by pjhosphatase in INSR chain.

Additional Cost of FAS in Eukaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER: Acetyl-CoA for lipid

synthesis is made in mitochondria and must be transferred into the cytosol via citrate transporter. Costs 2 ATP.

Affinity Chromatography - CORRECT ANSWER: Attach a ligand that binds a protein to a bead. Elute with harsh chemicals or similar ligand.

AKAP - CORRECT ANSWER: Anchoring protein that binds to PKA, GPCR, and

adenylyl cyclase.

Amidotransferase - CORRECT ANSWER: Uses a PLP group to transfer amino group

from an amino acid to α-ketoglutarate to form L-glutamate and an α-ketoglutarate.

Ammonia (NH4+) Transportation - CORRECT ANSWER: L-glutamate is converted to L-

glutamine via glutamine synthetase.ATP + NH4+ --> ADP + Pi 1 / 3

L-glutamine can be converted back to L-glutamate in the liver.

Amylopectin - CORRECT ANSWER: Has α-1,4-linkages. Has periodic α-1,6-linkages

that cause branching. Branched every 24-30 residues. Has reducing and non-reducing end.

Amylose Chain - CORRECT ANSWER: Has α-1,4-linkages that produce a coiled helix

similar to an α-helix. Has a reducing and non-reducing end.

Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation (Anammox) - CORRECT ANSWER: Ability of some

bacteria to oxidize NH4+ and NO2- into N2. "Short-circuits" the nitrogen cycle.

Anomeric Carbon - CORRECT ANSWER: Carbon that is cyclized. Always the same as

the aldo or keto carbon in the linear form.

Anti-parallel ß-sheet - CORRECT ANSWER: Alternating sheet directions (C & N-termini don't line-up). Has straight H-bonds.

ATP Consuming Steps of Glycolysis - CORRECT ANSWER: Step 1 and 3.

Glucose --> Glucose 6-phosphate Fructose 6-phosphate --> Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

ATP Producing Steps of Glycolysis - CORRECT ANSWER: Steps 7 and 10.

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate <--> 3-phosphoglycerate PEP --> Pyruvate

B-form DNA - CORRECT ANSWER: Watson-Crick model DNA. Deep, wide major

groove.

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Bacteriorhodopsin - CORRECT ANSWER: Type III integral membrane protein with 7

connected helices.

Binding Cooperativity - CORRECT ANSWER: When one subunit of hemoglobin

changes from T to R-state the other sites are more likely to change to R-state as well.Leads to sigmoidal graph.

Biotin Function - CORRECT ANSWER: Prosthetic group that serves as a CO2 carrier to separate active sites on an enzyme

Biotin Structure - CORRECT ANSWER:

BPG (2,3-bisphosphoglycerate) - CORRECT ANSWER: Greatly reduces hemoglobin's

affinity for O2 by binding allosterically. Stabilizes T-state. Transfer of O2 can improve because increased delivery in tissues can outweigh decreased binding in the lungs.

Bypass Reactions in Gluconeogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER: Steps 1,3, and 10 must

be bypassed.

C4 Plants - CORRECT ANSWER: Fix CO2 into PEP to form oxaloacetate (via PEP

carboxykinase) that is then converted to malate that carries CO2 to rubisco. Bypasses O2 binding.

CAM plants - CORRECT ANSWER: Fix CO2 into PEP to form oxaloacetate (via PEP

carboxykinase) that is converted to malate at night and stored until the day time.

cAMP - CORRECT ANSWER: Secondary messenger in GPCR signalling. Formed from

ATP by adenylyl cyclase. Activates PKA (protein kinase A).

Cardiolipin - CORRECT ANSWER: "Lipid staple" that ties two proteins (or complexes) together in a membrane. Formed from two phosphoglycerols.

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