Actual Questions and Answers 100 Correct

VTNE Pain Management and Analgesia Actual Questions and Answers 100% Correct

• which of the following is not one of the 3 primary factors included in a quality of life scale?
• social factors
• interpersonal factors
• physical factors
• behavioral factors

Answer: b) interpersonal factors

2. The veterinary technician can play an important role in pain management by:

• monitoring urine and fecal output
• changing the medication when it is ineffective
• communicating directly with the clinician about particular concerns
• directing the veterinary assistant to provide medications

Answer: c) communicating directly with the clinician about particular concerns

• which of the following characteristics do cats exhibit when they are experiencing pain?
• sleeping continuously, overeating, and attention seeking behaviors
• resentment of being handled, aggression, and abnormal posture
• hyperactivity, pupillary enlargement, and tail swishing
• hypotension, hypocapnia, hypopnea, and bradycardia

Answer: b) resentment of bein handled, aggression, and abnormal posture

• during hospitalization, how often should a pain assessment be performed?
• every 4-6 hrs
• every 30min to an hour
• every 12-24 hrs
• every 8 hrs

Answer: a) every 4-6 hrs

• when a veterinary technician is trying to distinguish pain from dysphoria, which of the

following would the technician do?

• place the patient on comfortable blankets
• speak in low tones and interacting with the animal makes the patient feel better, but

behaviors resume when interaction stops

• move the animal to a different ward
• reverse the analgesic medication

Answer: b) speak in low tones and interacting with the animal makes the patient feel better, but behaviors resume when interaction stops

• / 4

• which guidelines have elevated pain to the fourth vital sign?

a) American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologist's Pain Management Guidelines

b) The International Veterinary Academy of Pain Management's Guidelines

c) AAHA/AAFP Pain Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats

d) The AVMA Pain Management Guidelines

Answer: c) AAHA/AAFP Pain Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats

7. Nociception is defined as:

• the activity in the peripheral pathway that transmits and processes info about the stimulus to

the brain

• a normal response to tissue damage
• pain without apparent biological origin that has persisted beyond the normal tissue healing

time

• any stimuli to the affected area that would normally be innocuous that become noxious

Answer: a) the activity in the peripheral pathway that transmits and processes info about the stimulus to the brain

• what is the correct sequence of steps to the pain pathway?
• transduction, transmission, modulation, perception
• modulation, transduction, perception, transmission
• transduction, modulation, transmission, perception
• transmission, transduction, modulation , perception

Answer: a) transduction, trans- mission, modulation, perception

• which of the following describes "wind up"?
• an increase in the excitability of spinal neurons, mediated in part by the activation of

NMDA receptors in dorsal horn neurons

• it occurs when tissue inflammation lead to the release of a complex array of chemical

mediators, resulting in reduced nociceptor thresholds

• when brief trauma or noxious stimulus result in physiological pain
• the perceived increase in pain intensity with time when given painful stimulus is delivered

repeatedly in excess of a critical rate Answer: d) the perceived increase in pain intensity with time when a given painful stimulus is delivered repeatedly in excess of a critical rate

• which of the following is an example of an opioid agonist?
• butorphanol
• naloxone
• morphine
• buprenorphine

Answer: c) morphine

• / 4

11. prostaglandins play an important role in:

• production of endorphins
• mammalian cardiovascular physiology
• production of leukotrienes
• mammalian renal physiology

Answer: d) mammalian renal physiology

• which of the following is an NMDA antagonist medication?
• ketamine
• lidocaine
• meperidine
• dexmedetomidine

Answer: a) ketamine

• which of the following classes of drugs would include gabapentin?
• corticosteroids
• sodium channel blockers
• antiepileptics
• nutraceuticals

Answer: c) antiepileptics

• an example of an agent that is only administered topically and provides analgesia is:
• buprenorphine

b) EMLA cream

• bupivacaine
• fentanyl

Answer: b) EMLA cream

• which of the following statements can apply to an intratesticular block?
• intratesticular blocks can only be used in large animal patients
• intratesticular blocks can be used in canine and feline orchiectomies
• intratesticular blocks require the use of vaporizer
• intratesticular blocks should never been performed on veterinary patients-

Answer: b) intratesticular blocks can be used in canine and feline orchiectomies

• many veterinary technicians are asked to calculate and administer constant rate infusions,

as patients can benefit immensely. Which of the following statements is not a benefit of a CRI?

a) CRIs provide a more stable plane of analgesia with less incidence of breakthrough pain

b) CRIs provide greater control over drug administration

c) CRIs allow a lower dose of drug to be delivered at any given time, resulting in a lower

incidence of dose-related effects 3 / 4

d) CRIs allow the veterinary technician to leave the practice for the evening while

administering medication continuously Answer: d) CRIs allow the veterinary technician to leave the practice for the evening while administering medication continuously

• massage is an example of which type of rehabilitation technique?
• manual therapy
• effleurage techniques
• physical modalities
• therapeutic exercise

Answer: a) manual therapy

• what is the benefit of cryotherapy?
• decreased metabolism so patient is less hungry
• decreased production of pain mediators, leading to analgesia
• prevention of hyperthermia
• useful 2-3 weeks postinjury

Answer: b) decreased production of pain mediators, leading to analgesia

• which of the following describes a myofascial trigger point?
• a point in the muscle at which a reflex can be elicited
• a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
• a painful area of sustained muscle contraction that cannot easily self-re- lease
• a technique where needles are used to pierce the skin at certain points to bring about a

physiologic change to treat or prevent disease Answer: c) a painful area of sustained muscle contraction that cannot easily self-release

• Visceral pain is quite common among companion animals. Which of the following is not

an example of visceral pain?

• pancreatitis
• gastroenteritis
• bowel ischemia
• osteosarcoma

Answer: d) osteosarcoma

• which of the following are three examples that are all considered chronic diseases?
• lymphoma, diabetes, GDV
• osteoarthritis, IVDD, cancer
• respiratory infection, cardiac disease, blocked cat
• broken leg, bronchitis, hypertension

Answer: b) osteoarthritis, IVDD, cancer

• / 4