ACTUAL TEST Questions and Answers Solved

(ACTUAL TEST ) Questions and Answers (Solved)

• What is the maximum time a fecal can be used for fecal flotation with zinc

centrifugation to look for ova and parasites if kept in the refrigerator?

Answer: 3 days

Ideally, a fecal should be collected and performed within 24 hours. However, the maximum time that the feces can still be used if refrigerated is 3 days. Fresher is always better!

• A hematocrit tube provides the means for evaluating a patients packed cell volume

and what other parameter?

Answer: Total plasma protein

Hematocrit tubes are used for two main purposes. One of these is to determine the packed cell volume (hematocrit) and the other is to measure the total plasma protein.Another observation that is made with the hematocrit tubes is to note the color of the plasma. This can give an indication of lipemia, icterus, hemolysis, etc.

• Electrolytes (potassium, sodium, chloride) are measured in what units?

Answer: -mEq/L

Electrolytes (potassium, sodium, chloride) are measured in milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L)

• A purple top (or lavender top) is used to run which blood test?

Answer: Complete blood count

A purple top is used to collect blood for a CBC. The purple top contains the anticoagulant EDTA.

• A dog with hypothyroidism comes in to have his blood drawn to check his

thyroid level. He has been on Levothyroxine since he was first diagnosed. How many hours after the thyroid medication is given should the blood be drawn?

Answer: 4-6 hours

It is best to draw the blood 4-6 hours after medication is given because that is when the thyroid level is at its highest peak.

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• A Yorkie is presenting for a bile acids test and has been fasted. Which of the

following is true regarding a bile acids test?

Answer: It is a measure of liver function

A bile acids test is a measure of liver function. It requires fasting. A blood sample is drawn. The animal is then fed, and another sample is drawn 2 hours after feeding.

The Cortrosyn (cosyntropin) injection protocol describes an ACTH stimulation test which is a measure of adrenal gland function, testing for Cushing's (hyperadreno- corticism) or Addison's (hypoadrenocorticism).

• You are asked to run an APTT and PT test. What anticoagulant is used for this?

Answer: Citrate

Sodium citrate is the anticoagulant found in the turquoise (light blue) top tube used to run an Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time and a Prothrombin Time. Citrate is a reversible anticoagulant used for coagulation testing.

• You are looking microscopically at a swab of the ear canal from a cat that has

been head shaking and scratching at the ears. You identify an 8-legged mite. What is the name the ear mite?

Answer: Otodectes cynotis

Otodectes cynotis is the ear mite of dogs and cats (also seen in ferrets). These can result in head shaking and ear rubbing and stimulate production of brown waxy discharge. They frequently can be visualized if a swab is made and examined microscopically.

• All of the following can be expected to be found on a complete blood count

EXCEPT for which of the following?

Answer: Glucose

A glucose level is not part of a complete blood count. Glucose would be reported on a chemistry panel.

• Which of the following is not an anticipated finding when evaluating a

urine sample after performing a cystocentesis?

Answer: 5-10 white blood cells per high-powered field

There should be less than 0-5 white blood cells per high-powered field in a urine 2 / 4

sample.

Erythrocytes are not uncommon when performing a cystocentesis. This can occur secondary to trauma to the bladder wall when performing urine collection. Keep in mind that an excessive presence of blood can be abnormal.

Struvite and calcium oxalate crystaluria is not necessarily abnormal.

• Which stain is used to look for lipids or fats and is helpful in looking for

intestinal malabsorption?

Answer: Sudan stain

Intestinal malabsorption is detected via the Sudan Stain Test. It is performed on feces to look for fat. Sudan stain is a dye which stains for lipids specifically.

• Which lab test is used to assess kidney function and its breakdown product of

protein?

Answer: BUN

BUN measures blood nitrogen levels that come from the waste product urea. Urea is made when proteins are broken down.Creatinine is a waste product from breakdown of muscle tissue which is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys.

• What instrument is used to measure the urine specific gravity?

Answer: Refractometer

A refractometer is used to measure urine specific gravity. The same refractometer is used to measure the protein level of blood samples.

• Which of the following is an anticoagulant that DOES NOT chelate calcium?

Answer: Heparin

EDTA, citrate, fluoride, and oxalate all are anticoagulants that work by chelating cal- cium, which is needed for clot formation. Heparin works by potentiating antithrombin which prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in the clotting cascade.

• Which of the following findings in a urine sample is associated with renal

tubular damage or disease?

Answer: Renal casts

Renal casts are suggestive of renal disease. There are several different types of casts including hyaline, cellular, and granular casts. The presence of a few hyaline casts 3 / 4

may be a normal finding, but a large number of these should make the interpreter suspicious. Cellular casts can contain epithelium from the renal epithelium and are seen with acute tubular degeneration. Granular casts in large numbers may be indicative of acute renal disease. These contain fragments of cells or plasma proteins.

• Several Heinz bodies have been identified on a blood smear of a sick dog. What

is this an indication of?

Answer: Oxidative damage

Heinz bodies are seen whenever oxidative damage occurs to the red blood cell. They can be seen with immune mediated hemolytic anemia or ingestion of certain toxins. For example, consumption of onions results in Heinz body anemia. Another example is the administration of methylene blue, which also causes oxidative damage to red blood cells. If a large enough amount is given, this can cause anemia.

• Which of the following would be elevated in a pet with regenerative anemia?

Answer: Reticulocyte count

Reticulocytes are newly released red blood cells. These immature erythrocytes are indicative of a bone marrow response. An anemia is considered regenerative if the reticulocyte count is greater than 60,000.The hematocrit is low in a patient with anemia. Hemoglobin is typically low in a patient with anemia, especially if the pet has iron deficiency. Lymphocyte number can be variable but is not usually directly related to the anemia.

• Eimeria, Cystoisospora, Cryptosporidium, Sarcocystis, and Toxoplasma are all

what type of parasite?

Answer: Coccidia

These are all coccidia, a type of protozoan parasite; they are not worms. Tapeworms are cestodes, nematodes are roundworms, trematodes are flukes, and ascarids are a type of nematode (roundworm).

• Organelles reside in which of the following compartments of the cell?

Answer: Cytoplasm

Organelles reside in the cytoplasm. Some examples include ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, mitochondria, and the Golgi complex. The nucleus contains the cell's DNA for replication. The cell membrane (cell wall) is what separates the cell from the external environment. The cell wall is semi-permeable and will allow

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