An Introduction to - Ninth Edition Matthew H. Olson Domenica Favero ...

An Introduction to Theories of Personality Ninth Edition Matthew H. Olson Domenica Favero

• R. Hergenhahn

Test Bank Rachel C. Willis 1 / 4

Copyright ©2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: What Is Personality? 1

Chapter 2: Sigmund Freud 13

Chapter 3: Carl Jung 35

Chapter 4: Alfred Adler 54

Chapter 5: Karen Horney 70

Chapter 6: Erik H. Erikson 86

Chapter 7: Gordon Allport 104

Chapter 8: Raymond B. Cattell and Hans J. Eysenck 119

Chapter 9: B. F. Skinner 136

Chapter 10: John Dollard and Neal Miller 152

Chapter 11: Albert Bandura and Walter Mischel 167

Chapter 12: David M. Buss 183

Chapter 13: George Kelly 199

Chapter 14: Carl Rogers 215

Chapter 15: Abraham Maslow 230

Chapter 16: Rollo Reese May 245

Chapter 17: A Final Word 260

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1 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

CHAPTER 1:WHAT IS PERSONALITY?

Chapter Outline

• Three Concerns of Personality Theory

II. Proposed Determinants of Personality

• Genetics
• Traits
• Sociocultural determinants
• Learning
• Existential-humanistic considerations
• Unconscious mechanisms
• Cognitive processes
• Personality as a composite of the above factors

III. Questions Confronting the Personality Theorist

• What is the relative importance of the past, present, and future?
• What motivates human behavior?
• How important is the concept of self?
• How important are unconscious mechanisms?
• Is human behavior freely chosen or is it determined?
• What can be learned by asking people about themselves?
• Uniqueness versus commonality
• Are people controlled internally or externally?
• How are the mind and the body related?
• What is the nature of human nature?
• How consistent is human behavior?

IV. How Do We Find the Answers?

• Epistemology
• Science
• Scientific Theory
• Synthetic function versus heuristic function
• Principle of verification
• Science and Personality Theory
• Kuhn’s view of science
• Popper’s view of science 3 / 4

Chapter 1: What Is Personality?

2 Copyright ©2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

1.1 Multiple Choice Questions

1) The term personality is derived from the Latin word persona, which means

• mask.
• mind.
• brain.
• the person.

Answer: A

Diff: 1

Page Ref: 1

Skill: Factual

LO: 1.1: Outline the issues in providing a comprehensive explanation of personality

2) According to Kluckhohn and Murray, every human being is

• like every other human being
• like apes
• like animals
• like machines

Answer: A

Diff: 1

Page Ref: 1, 2

Skill: Applied

LO: 1.1: Outline the issues in providing a comprehensive explanation of personality

3) According to the authors of your text, probably the most common lay explanation of personality is based on

• learning.
• cultural norms.
• genetics.
• existential-humanistic considerations.

Answer: C

Diff: 2

Page Ref: 2

Skill: Conceptual

LO: 1.2: Describe the factors that influence personality

4) The statement “He has an Irish temper” implies which of the following explanations of personality?

• cultural expectations
• learning
• inherited characteristics
• unconscious mechanisms

Answer: C

Diff: 1

Page Ref: 2

Skill: Conceptual

LO: 1.2: Describe the factors that influence personality

5) Findings by Bouchard and others suggest that the role of genetics in personality development is

• substantial.
• minimal.
• nonexistent.
• substantial in other animals but minimal in humans.

Answer: A

Diff: 2

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