and Answers - and Answers continentality - Answer temper...

WSET Level 3 259 Actual Question and Answers

continentality - Answer temperature difference between the coldest and hottest month

Diurnal Range - Answer difference between the day time and night time temperatures

spring frost mitigation - Answer heaters placed through vineyard wind machines sprinklers vineyard design - plant on slopes or trained high

water hazards - Answer once a sufficient canopy has grown, important to limit water to promote grape ripening rather than shoot growth. this would leave less sugar for the grapes. also increases canopy growth - more shade - less ripening.droughts risk photosynthesis stopping, killing the vine rainfall during flowring and fruitset can disrupt.

Pinot Noir Characteristics - Answer color intensity: light

Tannins: low

Acidity: high

Flavour characteristics: strawberry, raspberry, red cherry

Burgundy - entry level - light, high acid, hint of oak. Cote D'Or have intensity and complexity. Range from delicate and floral to tannic and spicy. cool vintage risk of vegetal notes like cabbage and wet leaves. if too hot, jammy and unattractive.Baden, Carneros, Sonoma, Martinborough, Marlborough, Central Otago (NZ), Yarra Valley, Mornington Peninsula, Tasmania (Australia), Walker Bay (South Africa), Casablanca Valley (Chile).Pinot Noir can be amove 30F ferment to extract more flavor, color and tannin.

Cabernet Sauvignon Characteristics - Answer Colour intensity: deep

Tannins: high

Acidity: high 1 / 4

Flavour characteristics: blackcurrant, black cherry, green bell pepper

thick skinned, late ripening. can be astringent and herbaceous if not ripened fully Haut Medoc: Grippy tannins in youth, cedar and black currant leaf. (Merlot gives it smoother texture.Italy, Spain, South of France - blended with indigineous grape varieties Napa, Margaret River, Hawke's Bay, Stellenbosch, Colchagua Valley - warm, long bright sunlight ripens fruit

Merlot Characteristics - Answer Colour intensity: medium -deep

Tannins: medium

Acidity: medium

Flavour characteristics: strawberry, red plum, red cherry

ripens earlier than Cabernet Two styles: New World: harvest as late as possible, intense purple color, concentrated blackberry and plum, soft velvet texture , new oak maturation

Bordeaux: harvest earlier, med body and alcohol, higher acid, fresh red fruit,

vegetal, leafy

Syrah/Shiraz Characteristics - Answer Colour intensity :deep

Tannins: medium - high

Acidity: medium

Flavour characteristics: blackberry, black cherry. black pepper

Syrah can range from medium body with pepper and fresh black fruit to smooth, fully body, ripe black fruit and liquorice.Northern Rhone - coolest location. Cotie Rotie and Hermitage (south facing) - fuller body, berry, pepper, notes of meat and leather after aging.Also known in Languedoc and ROussilon where its blended.

Hot regions: Hunter and Barossa valley produce soft earthy, spicy styles with

concentrate black fruit. Cooler regions like Geelong and Heathcote produce leaner, more peppery styles. Chile, south Africa, hawke's bay and Washington also known.

Grenache characteristics - Answer Colour intensity: light-medium

Tannins: medium (soft)

Acidity: Low

Flavour characteristics: red fruit

late ripening, needs hot climate. high tolerance for drought. 2 / 4

Priorat: blended with Carignan for color and tannin, fresh black fruit.

In Rioja: Planted in rioja Baja and blended with temperanillo. contributes

perfrume, body and alcohol. Also grown in Catalayud, Carinena and Navarra.Also used for rose.

Southern Rhone: most widely planted. Chateaneuf du Pape - blended with Syrah

and Mourvedre. rich texture and concentrated spicy fruit.Barossa Valley & McClaren Vale: old bush vines give high concentration, intense red berry and pepper.

Reisling Characteristics - Answer Variety has cool climate success:

bud & ripen late maintains acid as sugar rises range of styles bottle aging

Flavors: citrus, stone fruit, petrol, honey, botrytis

Aromatic White

Gewurztraminer Characteristics - Answer Unique Variety pink skin gold color wine high alcohol residual sugar?oily, full body

Flavors: spicy - ginger, lychees, roses, stone & tropical fruit

Aromatic White

Pinot Gris Characteristics - Answer Pinot Gris vs. Pinot Grigio is:

full body texture high alcohol more acid than Gewurztraminer; less than Pinot Grigio

Flavors: fresh & dried fruit, spiced pear, ginger, honeyed character

Aromatic White

Gruner Veltliner Characteristics - Answer Austria's White

Can be: simple & fresh OR full, concentrated

high acid stainless & oak can be used 3 / 4

Flavors: citrus & stone fruit white pepperhoney, toast with age

Aromatic White

Temperature Range a Vine Needs - Answer 16C - 22C

Cool climate Temp Range - Answer 16.5°C or below

Moderate climate Temp Range - Answer 16.5-18.5°C

Warm climate Temp Range - Answer 18.5-21°C

Hot climate Temp Range - Answer Above 21°C

Continental climate - Answer high continentality. usually have short, dry summers with large rapid temp drop in autumn. Cool continental climates (Chablis) risk spring frosts. suited to varieties that bud late and ripen early.

Maritime climate - Answer low continentality -even rainfall. cool to moderate temperatures. rain moderates temp, meaning ripening continues into autumn.Bordeaux can ripen thick skinned cabernet which might normally struggle.

Mediterranean climate - Answer low continentality - dry, warm summers.Extra warmth and sunlight leads to fuller body wines with ripe tannings, higher alcohol and lower aidity.

What is Pruning? - Answer Removal of unwanted leaves, shoots or wood Winter - determine bud number Summer - managing leaf canopy

What is Training? - Answer molding the vines wood and shoots to the required shape

What is a Trellis? - Answer stakes and wires used to support the trained vines

Requirements for Botrytis Cinerea - Answer •Grapes must be fully ripened before rot develops

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