and persuasive technologies can be crafted. During this course, emotion is a

Cognition and Emotion

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Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is studied using computer science, cognitive science and human factors engineering. Using this research, affective computing and persuasive technologies can be crafted. During this course, emotion is a catch-all term for emotions, feelings, affect and mood. Additionally, with cognition this summary means perception, attention, memory, problem solving and decision making. The latest science indicates that emotions play an essential role in a variety of cognitive functions. Emotion and cognition are studied in HCI.Affective computing: to give computers the ability to recognize, express and – in some cases – ‘have’ emotions.Historically, emotions were considered to be immature bodily reactions that were separated from our human faculties. Today, however, we study emotions by self- reports and analyze behaviors with physiological responses. Emotions can be identified through studying one’s language or non-verbal cues such as facial expressions and gestures. Physiological signals such as brain signals and breathing can also be used.How emotions are defined and evaluated remains a challenge, affective data collection will remain partially subjective. Physiological metrics can be measured using different sensors like pressure-sensitive mice and biosensors.The spectrum of mixed reality RealityAugmented Reality (AR) Augmented Virtuality (AV) Virtual Environment

Self-embodiment: the perception that the user has a body within the virtual

world. It is effective for teaching empathy by literally walking in someone else’s shoes. It can even reduce stereotype bias. Even if the perceived body does not look like the person’s own body, self-embodiment still occurs. Motion, however, is extremely important. Presence is often broken when visual motion does not match physical motion (in VR, for example).

Usability engineer: someone that evaluates design, specifies usability context,

specifies requirements and creates design for systems. They plan, recruit, execute tests, analyze and report their projects.In order for computers to persuade someone to change their behavior

the person:

1) Should be sufficiently motivated.2) Should have the ability to complete such a behavioral change.3) Should be triggered to change.

Four classic approaches to persuade someone:

1) Send persuasive messages – such as reminders.2) Provide information.3) Provide motivational feedback – such as compliments.4) Provide social pressures – such as comparisons to others. 1 / 3

What do information scientists research about Cognition and Emotion?Application areas Research RoboticsMeasuring and analyzing cognition and emotion.Virtual Reality Integrating emotions to information systems Affective Computing Developing Human-centered interfaces Usability Studies Persuasive Technologies What emotions are and how they relate to cognition is crucial when trying to measure them. How else can we know that measures work?

Emotion, in three categories:

1) A feeling: a subjective representation of an emotion.

2) An affect: a broader umbrella of emotions, mood and feelings.

3) A mood: a longer lasting state, not directed nor triggered.

Emotions bias action, especially in immediate response. Moods tend to bias cognitive strategies over a longer term. Moods are an affective filter through which internal and external events are appraised.Emotion is a reaction to events deemed relevant to the needs, goals, or concerns of an individual. Emotion encompasses physiological, affective, behavioral and cognitive components. Emotions have a quick onset and often short duration.Stimuli elicit emotional responses. The elicitation is informed by sensory triggering, reflexes, instincts and memory association. Certain core relational themes and affects or appraisal processes or embodied states influence the elicitation. The response to an emotion is overt behavior and modulation of other cognitive functions. Broadly, response influences one’s action tendency, autonomic reaction, expression and feeling.

Components of emotion:

-Expression: facial and vocal expressions, including body posture and actions.

-Action tendency: to be prepared to act in a certain manner. Different action

tendencies characterize different emotions. 2 / 3

-Bodily reactions: physiological reactions to emotions.

-Feelings: subjective, conscious, emotional experience.

Three theories about the temporal sequence of emotions:

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