AP CHEMISTRY FINAL EXAM REVIEW 2

AP CHEMISTRY FINAL EXAM REVIEW 2

1. Is energy absorbed or released in an endothermic reaction?: Absorbed.

• What is the sign of delta H for an exothermic reaction?: Exothermic reactions release energy.

The sign of delta H is negative.

• When you touch a flask and it feels hot, is this an endothermic or exother- mic process?:

Exothermic; heat is being given off.

• Define specific heat capacity.: The amount of heat required to raise 1g of a substance to 1

degrees Celsius.

5. q=mc(delta)T ; What does "q" stand for?: Heat (kJ)

• q=mc(delta)T ; What does "c" stand for?: Specific heat capacity (J / g degrees C)

7. What is a hydrogen ion donor called?: An acid.

8. What is a hydrogen ion acceptor called?: A base.

9. Feels slippery; acid or base?: Base.

10. Tastes sour; acid or base?: Acid.

11. Tastes bitter; acid or base?: Base.

12. pH < 7 ; acid, base, or neutral?: Acid

13. pH > 7 ; acid, base, or neutral?: Base

• Define neutralization.: When an acid reacts with a base to form water and a salt. pH = 7.

15. Soap; acid or base?: Base (tastes bitter)

16. Ammonia, acid or base?: Base (drain cleaners are bases).

17. Lemonade; acid or base?: Acid (tastes sour)

18. How many valence electrons are in an atom of chlorine?: 7

19. How many valence electrons does aluminum have?: 3

• Define Reaction Rate: The decrease in concentration of reactants or the in- crease in

concentration of products with time.

• How does increasing temperature affect the rate of reaction?: Increasing temperature

causes the kinetic energy to increase. Thus, molecules are moving faster and colliding more frequently. This causes the rate of reaction to incrase.

• If I decrease the concentration of reactant, what happens to the rate of reaction?:

Decreasing concentration leads to less reactants available for collision. Therefore, reaction rate decreases.

• How does surface area influence reaction rate?: By increasing the surface area of reactant

molecules, we are increasing the space or point of contact that these molecules have available

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