AP World History Exam : Islam Latest

AP World History Exam : Islam ( Latest –

Actual Questions and Answers ( Verified Answers )

• Bedouin: nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula with a culture based on

herding camels and goats

2. Mecca: Arabian commercial center; dominated by the Quraysh; the home of

Muhammad and the future center of Islam

3. Medina: town northeast of Mecca; asked Muhammad to resolve its intergroup

differences; Muhammad's flight to Medina, the hijra, in 622 began the Muslim calendar

4. Umayyad: clan of the Quraysh that dominated Mecca; later an Islamic dynasty

5. Muhammad: (570-632); prophet of Allah; originally a merchant of the Quraysh

• Qur'an: the word of god as revealed through Muhammad; made into the holy book of

Islam

7. Umma: community of the faithful within Islam

• Five Pillars: the obligatory religious duties for all Muslims; confession of faith,

prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)

9. Caliph: the successor to Muhammad as head of the Islamic community

• Ali: cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for

the development of shi'ism

11. Abu Bakr: succeeded Muhammad as the first caliph

12. Jihad: Islamic holy war

13. Sunnis: followers of the majority interpretation within Islam; included the

Umayyads

14. Shi'a: followers of Ali's interpretation of Islam

15. Mawali: non-Arab converts to Islam 1 / 2

• Dhimmis: "the people of the book"-- Jews, Christians; later extended to Zoroas-

trians and Hindus

17. Abbasids: dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads in 750; their capital was at

Baghdad

• Hadiths: "traditions" of the prophet Muhammad; added to the Qur'an, form the

essential writings of Islam

19. Wazir: chief administrative official under the Abbasids

20. Dhows: Arab sailing vessels; equipped with lateen sails; used by Arab mer-

chants

• Seljuk Turks: nomadic invaders from central Asia; staunch Sunnis; ruled from

the 11th c. in the name of the Abbasids

• Crusades: invasions of western Christians into Muslim lands, especially Pales-

tine; captured Jerusalem and established Christian kingdoms enduring until 1291

• Ulama: Islamic religious scholars; pressed for a more conservative and restric-

tive theology; opposed to non-Islamic thinking

24. Sufis: Islamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions

25. Mongols: central Asian nomadic peoples; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed

the last Abbasid caliph

• Chinggis Khan: (1162-1227); Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian king-

doms

27. Mamluks: Rulers of Egypt; descended from Turkish slaves

28. Arabic numerals: Indian numerical notation brought by the Arabs to the West

• Shrivijaya: trading empire based on the Malacca straits; its Buddhist govern-

ment resisted Muslim missionaries; when it fell, southeastern Asia was opened to Islam

• Malacca: flourishing trading city in Malaya; established a trading empire after

the fall of Shrivijaya

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