APHY 101 Final Exam Latest Actual Exam

pg. 1 APHY 101 Final Exam Latest Actual Exam Questions and Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) Already Graded A+

What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? - Correct Answer - Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts, whereas physiology is the study of the function of body parts

What are the requirements of life? - Correct Answer - Water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure

What are the characteristics of life? - Correct Answer - Movement (internal or gross); Responsiveness (reaction to internal or external change); Growth (increase in size without change in shape); Reproduction (new organisms or new cells); Respiration (use of oxygen; removal of CO2); Digestion (breakdown of food); Absorption (movement of substances through membranes and into fluids); Circulation (movement within body fluids); Assimilation (changing nutrients into chemically different forms); Excretion (removal of metabolic wastes)

Define homeostasis - Correct Answer - Body's maintenance of a stable environment

What is a homeostatic mechanism? - Correct Answer - the body maintains homeostasis through a number of self-regulating control systems; examples are regulating body temperature and pressure sensitive receptors to regulate body pressure

Define matter - Correct Answer - Anything that takes up space and has mass (weight). It is composed of elements.

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pg. 2 What are the characteristics of DNA? - Correct Answer - Double-stranded DNA molecules twist to form a double helix consisting of "sugar-phosphate rails" and bases pair to form the "rungs."

What are the 4 types the DNA molecule base can be? - Correct Answer - (A) adenine (T) thymine (C) cytosine (G) guanine

What are the complementary base pairs for DNA? - Correct Answer - A T C G

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) - Correct Answer - Single-stranded molecules, their nucleotides have ribose rather than deoxyribose sugar, and uracil rather than thymine. Functions in protein synthesis.

Nucleotides - Correct Answer - Building blocks of nucleic acid; consist of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and one of several nitrogenous bases

What are the 4 types the RNA molecule base can be? - Correct Answer - A) adenine (T) uracil (C) cytosine (G) guanine

How is RNA made? - Correct Answer - All of the RNA in a cell is made by DNA transcription, a process catalyzed by a class of enzymes called RNA polymerases.

List the steps of protein synthesis. - Correct Answer - During protein synthesis tRNA molecules bring the appropriate amino acids to align against an mRNA molecule temporarily held on a ribosome. The aligned amino acids join and the polypeptide that grows folds. 2 / 3

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Transcription - Correct Answer - the process of copying the information encoded in DNA to produce RNA

Translation - Correct Answer - The process of translating the series of codons of mRNA from the language of nucleic acids to the language of amino acids.

codons - Correct Answer - set of three nucleotides in a messenger RNA molecule corresponding to one of the 20 types of amino acids

How does DNA replicate? - Correct Answer - During interphase, hydrogen bonds break between the base pairs.

The strands unwind and part, and free nucleotides come in and hydrogen bonds form between the new and the old.Enzymes catalyze the base pair bonding and the knitting together of the sugar- phosphate backbone.

Mutations - Correct Answer - The rare distinctions in DNA sequence that affect how we look or feel. Mutations may be spontaneous (due to transient mispairing during DNA replication) or induced by exposure to certain chemicals or radiation.

What is a tissue? - Correct Answer - layers or groups of similar cells with a common function

What are the four types of tissues in the body? - Correct Answer - Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues

What are the general characteristics of epithelial tissue? - Correct Answer - Covers body surface and organs, lines body cavities and hollow organs, composes glands, lacks blood vessels, cells readily divide, and cells are tightly packed; they function in protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, and sensory reception.

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