APHY 101 Midterm Exam Latest Actual Exam

pg. 1 APHY 101 Midterm Exam Latest Actual Exam Questions and Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) Already Graded A+

Anatomy - Correct Answer - examines the structures of body parts

Physiology - Correct Answer - examines the functions of body parts, what they do and how they do it

what vitamin precursor is produced by the skin? - Correct Answer - vitamin D

what is an injection administered into the skin? - Correct Answer - intradermal injection

• layers of the skin - Correct Answer - epidermis, dermis, hypodermis (subcutaneous

layer)

epidermis - Correct Answer - Composed of stratified squamous epithelium. Thickest on palms and soles of feet. Rests on basement membrane. Keratinized.

dermis - Correct Answer - Contains blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, and oil glands, nerve cells.; papillary layer is composed of areolar connective tissue. The lower or reticular layer is dense irregular connective tissue that includes tough collagenous fibers and elastic fibers in a gel-like ground substance.

hypodermis - Correct Answer - Aso called a subcutaneous layer, this is a layer of *fat located under the dermis of the skin. helps to insulate the body and protects underlying muscles and other structures.

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pg. 2 stratum corneum - Correct Answer - first layer of the epidermis. Many thick, dead flattened cell layers, dead cells filled with keratin, protect against abrasions and penetration.

stratum lucid - Correct Answer - 2nd layer of epidermis. the very thin layer of the epidermis that appears clear and consists of dead cells; it is only present in thick skin in certain areas of the body; disperses keratohyalin around keratin fibers

stratum granulosum - Correct Answer - 3rd layer of the epidermis. 3-5 layers of flattened polygonal cells thick, cytoplasm filled with course basophilic granules (aka keratohyalin granules

stratum spinosum - Correct Answer - 4th layer of the epidermis. 8-10 layers of cells - Limited cell division. As cells push to surface, they flatten; Desmosomes break apart and new one’s form. Lamellar bodies (lipid-filled membrane-bound organelles) and additional keratin fibers form

stratum Basale - Correct Answer - Bottom layer of the epidermis. Consists mainly of a single layer of cuboidal to low columnar stem cells and keratinocytes resting on the basement membrane.

melanin - Correct Answer - Dark pigment formed by cells called melanocytes; imparts color to skin and hair

How are finger prints created on the skin? - Correct Answer - Dermal papillae

What creates the hardness of the nail? - Correct Answer - keratinized epithelial cells

hypothermia - Correct Answer - Abnormal lowering of the body temp below 35* C or 95* F usually caused by prolonged exposure to cold

hyperthermia - Correct Answer - An elevated body temperature related to the body's inability to promote heat loss or reduce heat production. greater than 98.6 2 / 3

pg. 3 What are the effects of inflammation of the skin? - Correct Answer - Blood vessels in affected tissues dilate and become more permeable, allowing fluids to leak into the damaged tissues

healing a wound - Correct Answer - a, blood escapes from dermal blood vessels, and (d) a blood clot soon forms. (e) The blood clot and dried tissue fluid form a scab that protects the damaged region. (f) Later, blood vessels send out branches, and fibroblasts migrate into the area. The fibroblasts produce new connective tissue fibers, and (g) when the skin is mostly repaired, the scab sloughs off. Scar tissue continues to form, elevating the epidermal surface.

what is the primary cause of skin cancer? - Correct Answer - Skin cancer begins when the sun (or tanning bed) exposure overwhelms the protection provided by p53

How can cancer be prevented? - Correct Answer - To reduce risk of developing skin cancer, avoid exposure to high-intensity sunlight, use sunscreens and sunblock’s, and examine the skin regularly.

What are the types of skin cancer? - Correct Answer - cutaneous carcinomas (basal cell, squamous cell) cutaneous melanomas (melanocarcinomas, malignant melanomas)

Which type of skin cancer is more likely to develop? - Correct Answer - cutaneous carcinomas

Levels of organization - Correct Answer - Subatomic particles, atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Metabolism - Correct Answer - all of the chemical reactions in an organism that support life

homeostasis - Correct Answer - The body's maintenance of a stable internal environment

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