APHY 102 IVY TECH SPRING FINAL

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APHY 102 IVY TECH SPRING FINAL

EXAM STUDY GUIDE

ACTUAL EXAM WITH CORRECT

SOLUTIONS.

Who regulates pituitary gland secretion? - correct answer- Releasing hormones from the hypothalamus

What is a hormone and how does it act? - correct answer- Hormones are chemical messengers that are responsible for regulation. They are secreted into body fluids, mainly blood. It has specific actions on target tissues, which are any tissue that has specific receptors for that particular hormone.

Compare and contrast glucagon and insulin - correct answer- Glucagon stimulates the liver to break down glycogen and convert noncarbohydrates into glucose and it stimulates the breakdown of fats.Insulin promotes the formation of glycogen from glucose, inhibits conversion of noncarbohydrates into glucose, and enhances movement of glucose through adipose and muscle cell membranes, decreasing blood glucose concentration and promotes transport of amino acids into cells, as well as enhances synthesis of proteins and fats. 1 / 4

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Both work to keep blood glucose concentration constant, but glucagon breaks down glycogen into glucose and insulin forms glycogen from glucose.

How are pheromones different than hormones - correct answer- is a chemical signal sent between members of the same species. Are a type of hormone that are released in small quantities and play a big role in physical attraction between people.

How is inhibin used in the body? - correct answer- Inhibits the anterior pituitary gland by negative feedback. This action prevents over secretion of FSH. It is secreted by cells of the testes and ovaries. FSH is secreted by anterior pituitary gland.It is a glycoprotein hormone.

What is a paracrine gland? - correct answer- a secretion that enters interstitial fluid but affects only neighboring cells

What is an autocrine gland? - correct answer- A secretion that only affects the secreting cell.

What is an endocrine gland? - correct answer- Secretes hormones into the internal environment 2 / 4

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What are exocrine glands? - correct answer- have secretions that enter tubes or ducts that lead to body surfaces.

What is diabetes insipidus? - correct answer- is the impairment of ADH regulation of water balance. Tumors and injury affecting the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary can cause this. You are always thirsty and have large amounts of urine output.

What is diabetes mellitus? - correct answer- There are two kinds - type 1 and type 2.Type 1 is when the pancreas cannot produce insulin. It is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks the pancreatic beta cells. This destroys the ability to produce insulin.Type 2 is non insulin dependents. Cells lose their insulin receptors and are less able to respond to insulin. Insulin

Describe steroid hormones - correct answer- Sex hormones and adrenal cortex hormones. Steroid hormones diffuse through cell membranes and enter cytoplasm or nucleus. Then they combine with a receptor molecule, which together bind to DNA and promote transcription of messenger RNA. mRNA enters the cytoplasm and directs protein synthesis. Newly 3 / 4

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synthesized proteins produce hormone's specific effects. They are derived from cholesterol. Vitamin D is a modified steroid.

Describe tropic hormones - correct answer- Stimulate other endocrine glands to release hormones. The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary glands release of this type of hormone

Describe normal blood: number of each cell type, pH. - correct

answer- Blood is about 8% of body weight. Adult blood volume is about 5 L. RBC count is usually 4,600,000-6,200,000 in males, 4,200,000-5,400,000 in females. WBC are usually 5,000-10,000 per cubic mm of blood. Platelets are usually 150,000-450,000 per cubic mm of blood. Normal blood pH is between 7.35 - 7.45

How does the Rh factor affect a developing fetus and its mother? - correct answer- When a Rh negative mother is pregnant with a Rh positive baby, the 1st pregnancy will probably be ok. But if the Rh positive baby's blood gets into the mother's blood circulation like with the placenta tearing then they can stimulate the mother's blood to start producing anti Rh antibodies. If the mother becomes pregnant with another Rh positive baby, then the anti Rh antibodies called hemolysins can cross the placenta and destroy the fetal red blood cells.The condition is called erythroblastosis fetalis.

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