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Astronomyl 207/l ASTRl 207l Midterml 3l Examl -l (Latestl 2026/l 2027l Update)l Review|l 100%l Verifiedl Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel A
Q:l Whatl causesl thel illusionl ofl solidity?
Answer:
electricall interactionsl betweenl chargedl particlesl andl strangel quantuml lawsl ofl electrons
Q:l Whenl dol phasel changesl occur?
Answer:
whenl onel typel ofl bondl isl brokenl andl replacedl byl another,l differingl inl strength
Q:l Whatl twol thingsl canl causel al phasel change?
Answer:
temperaturel andl pressure
Q:l Howl doesl temperaturel causel al phasel change?
Answer:
(moleculesl arel alwaysl vibratingl tol somel degree)l asl thel templ increases,l thel averagel kineticl energyl ofl thel particlesl increases,l enablingl theml tol breakl bonds
Q:l Whatl isl thel relationshipl betweenl solid,l gas,l andl liquid?
Answer:
havel thel samel bondl butl differentl strengths 1 / 4
Q:l Whenl canl matterl bel inl multiplel phasesl atl oncel andl whyl doesl thisl occur?
Answer:
therel isl alwaysl somel vapourizationl overl waterl (evaporation)l andl icel (sublimation),l becausel thel temperaturel isl onlyl thel averagel kineticl energyl -l individualsl particlesl mayl havel al higherl temperaturel andl canl escapel froml al solid/liquid
Q:l Whatl arel thel stagesl ofl matterl thatl waterl goesl throughl asl thel temperaturel isl raisedl andl theirl temperatures?
Answer:
solidl (0l degrees/273Kl andl below),l liquid,l gasl (hundredsl ofl K),l molecularl dissociationl (thousandsl ofl K),l plasmal phasel (tensl ofl thousandsl ofl K),l fullyl ionizedl plasmal (millionsl ofl K)
Q:l Whatl isl molecularl dissociation?
Answer:
asl thel temperaturel risesl inl al gas,l thel moleculesl collidel morel violently,l breakingl thel chemicall bondsl holdingl individuall moleculesl togetherl (inl waterl molecularl dissociationl usuallyl freesl onel hydrogenl atoml andl leavesl al negativelyl chargedl moleculel thatl consistsl ofl onel hydrogenl atoml andl onel oxygenl atom)
Q:l Whatl isl ionization?
Answer:
asl temperaturel increasesl froml molecularl dissociation,l collisionsl beginl separatingl thel atomsl intol ionsl byl strippingl electronsl free
Q:l Whatl isl plasmal andl howl doesl itl occur?
Answer: 2 / 4
ionizationl turnsl whatl wasl oncel waterl intol al hotl gasl ofl freelyl movingl ionsl andl electronsl calledl al plasma
Q:l Whyl isl plasmal consideredl al fourthl phasel ofl matter?
Answer:
itl interactsl withl lightl differentlyl thanl al neutrallyl chargedl gas,l butl itl isl stilll al gas
Q:l Whatl isl thel differencel betweenl singlyl ionizedl andl doublyl ionized?
Answer:
singlyl isl missingl 1l electron,l doublyl 2l electrons,l andl sol onl (fullyl ionizedl beingl -8)
Q:l Howl doesl pressurel affectl thel phasesl ofl matter?
Answer:
pressurel canl containl matterl intol al certainl phasel evenl ifl thel temperaturel wouldl typicallyl changel thel phase:l forl examplel thel Earth'sl corel isl solidl evenl atl itsl extremelyl highl temperature
Q:l Whatl determinesl ifl waterl onl al planetl isl stablel inl liquidl form?
Answer:
atmosphericl pressure:l onl Earthl thel oceanl evaporatesl intol thel atmospherel whichl inl turnl exertsl pressurel onl thel oceanl pushingl waterl moleculesl backl intol thel ocean,l sol ourl waterl contentl remainsl stable
Q:l Whyl can'tl Marsl keepl waterl inl stable,l liquidl form?
Answer:
itsl atmospherel lacksl enoughl waterl vapourl tol balancel thel ratel ofl evaporation
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Q:l Whatl occursl inl al sodal can?
Answer:
highl pressurel causesl gasl tol dissolvel intol water
Q:l Whatl arel thel threel waysl objectsl storel energyl tol producel light?
Answer:
mass,l kineticl energy,l electricall potentiall energy atomsl containl quantizedl energyl levelsl whichl getl closerl andl closerl togetherl asl theyl increasel untill ionization
Q:l Whatl allowsl differentl elements,l molecules,l andl ionsl tol havel differentl chemicall "fingerprints"?
Answer:
theirl differentl energyl levels
Q:l Whatl dol spectral display?
Answer:
lightl atl eachl wavelengthl andl thel intensityl (amount)l ofl lightl atl eachl wavelength
Q:l Whatl isl al continuousl spectruml andl anl example?
Answer:
al spectruml ofl lightl containingl al broad,l interruptedl rangel ofl wavelengths ex.l thermall radiation
Q:l Whatl isl thermall radiation?
Answer:
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