ASU BIO 182 EXAM 2 Cala Latest Update -

ASU BIO 182 EXAM 2 – Cala Latest Update - 160 Questions and 100% Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+ Approved by the Professor

• Individuals in a population vary phenotypically
• Some variants fit better into their (current) environment than others
• Those variants produce more offspring
• If there is genetic basis to the variation ....then

5. Those alleles will increase in the population over time - CORRECT ANSWER:

Evolution

• Selection acts ONLY if the trait has a genetic basis
• Selection acts ONLY if there is variation present
• Selection does NOT CREATE new genes or alleles, nor does it create variation

4. Selection DOES produce... - CORRECT ANSWER: Adaptation

According to the fossil record, how do the following go?Green algae, Seedless vascular plants, Seed plants, and Nonvascular plants - CORRECT ANSWER: Green Algae--> Nonvascular Plants--> Seedless Vascular Plants- -> Seed plants

Are land plants monophyletic, polyphyletic, or paraphyletic? - CORRECT ANSWER:

Monophyletic!all descendants come from a common ancestor

Calculating genetic distance - CORRECT ANSWER: - Uses recombinant frequencies to make genetic maps (showing arrangement of genes along a chromosome)

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• Distance between genes=map unit=recombinant frequency of 0.01

• Map unit also called a centimorgan (cM)

Darwin's Finches - CORRECT ANSWER: Environmental aspects changed the

morphology of Finches that Darwin knew that he did not recognize the ones that he had observed on Gop Island

Darwin's Ideas Two main points: - CORRECT ANSWER: - Evolution (descent with modification) explains the unity and diversity of life

• Natural Selection is the force behind adaptation to local conditions

• The unity and diversity of life

• The history of life is like a tree, arising from a common trunk and branching to the tips • At the forks are ancestors common to all forms arising from that ancestor

Darwin's theory of evolution - CORRECT ANSWER: Components to the formulation of

Darwin's Ideas are FOSSILS AND GEOLOGY

Do individual organisms evolve? - CORRECT ANSWER: Because evolution is "in the genes," changes in an individual's phenotype are not passed on to offspring

Does natural selection lead to even greater complexity? - CORRECT ANSWER:

Evolution is a non-directional process

Ecological Defenses - CORRECT ANSWER: Mutualism- both the plant and its guard

dogs benefit from this Ex; Plants provide food and shelter for ants Ants protect plants from other harmful organisms

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Effects of genes and environment on phenotype: - CORRECT ANSWER: Penetrance: Proportion of individuals in a population with a certain genotype that show the phenotype, e.g., Huntington's

Expressivity: Degree to which genotype is expressed in an individual

Environment x Genotype - CORRECT ANSWER: - Enviro can affect phenotype

• Light, temp., nutrition, etc. can affect expression of the genotype

Epigenetics - CORRECT ANSWER: The study of heritable changes in gene expression

or cellular phenotype, caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence

Acquired traits are not passed down to next generation • This is a truth with modifications!

Epistasis - CORRECT ANSWER: Phenotypic expression of one gene is influenced by

another gene

Epistasis example:

Coat color in Labrador retrievers

• Allele B (black) dominant to b (brown)
• Allele E (pigment deposition) dominant

To e (no pigment deposition— yellow) - CORRECT ANSWER: Black - BBEE, BbEE,

BBEe, BbEe Brown - bbEE, bbEe Yellow- BBee, Bbee, bbee

Expressivity - CORRECT ANSWER: Degree to which genotype is expressed in an

individual

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