AT THE END OF THIS SESSION STUDENTS WILL

By: Awal Sher Khan

Lecturer INS-KMU Hypospadias And Epispadias

AT THE END OF THIS SESSION STUDENTS WILL

BE ABLE TO LEARN ABOUT

What is Hypospadias And Epispadias ?Pathophysiology.Statistics and Incidences.Causes.Clinical Manifestations.Assessment and Diagnostic Findings.Medical Management.Nursing Management.Nursing Assessment.Nursing Diagnoses.Nursing Care Planning and Goals.Nursing Interventions.Evaluation.Documentation Guidelines.

WHAT IS HYPOSPADIAS AND EPISPADIAS?

The earliest medical text describing hypospadias dates back to the second century CE and was the work of Galen, the first to use the term.Hypospadiasis an abnormality of anterior urethral and penile development in which the urethral opening is ectopically located on theventral aspect of the penisproximal to the tip of the glans penis, which, in this condition, is splayed open.Epispadiasis a rare congenital malformation of the male or female urogenital apparatus that consists of a defect of thedorsalwall of the urethra.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

The pathophysiology of hypospadias and

epispadias occur as follows:

Hypospadias is a congenital defect that is thought to occur embryologically during urethral development, between 8 and 20 weeks’ gestation.The external genital structures are identical in males and females until 8 weeks’ gestation; the genitals develop a masculine phenotype in males primarily under the influence oftestosterone.