B Instruction in which students determine the specific topics they will study

1 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.Essentials of Educational Psychology, 5e (Ormrod) Chapter 1 Introduction to Educational Psychology 1) Which one of the following alternatives best describes learner-centered instruction?

• Instruction that is tailored to students' characteristics and behaviors
• Instruction in which students determine the specific topics they will study
• Instruction geared primarily toward students who are highly motivated to learn
• Instruction geared primarily toward students who are not very motivated to learn

Answer: A

2) Which one of the following alternatives best describes learner-centered instruction?

• Students choose the learning objectives that they want to complete for most of the lessons
• Students' characteristics and behaviors drive almost everything that teachers do in the

classroom

• Students must work together in small groups or teams for most of the lessons
• Students must complete a project or solve a problem

Answer: B

3) Which one of the following is not true? Educational psychology is an academic discipline

that:

• Studies how humans learn.
• Studies factors that motivate students in learning environments.
• Does not study how children develop over time.
• Uses the results of research to identify effective teaching practices.

Answer: C

4) Which one of the following statements is consistent with research findings described in the textbook?

• Students who play video games are more likely to have delays in their cognitive development

than students who play video games infrequently.

• Students learn a new idea most effectively when they keep it simple, without trying to

remember its potential implications or applications.

• Students use both their right and left hemispheres for completing even simple tasks.
• Students are usually the best judges of what they do and don't know.

Answer: C

5) Which one of the following statements is consistent with research findings described in the textbook?

• Repeating something over and over is usually the most effective way to learn it.
• Tailoring instruction to students' individual learning styles does not noticeably increase

students' learning.

• For optimal performance, students should never feel any anxiety in the classroom.
• Children's personalities are not affected by the genetics they inherit from their biological

parents.

Answer: B

Essentials of Educational Psychology Big Ideas To Guide Effective Teaching 5e Jeanne Ellis Ormrod, Brett Jones (Test Bank All Chapters, 100% Original Verified, A+ Grade) 1 / 4

2 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.6) Which one of the following is an example of elaboration?

• Sharon automatically knows how she can best study for an upcoming history test.
• When Melissa first learns about inertia, she thinks of examples of it in her own life to expand

on the idea.

• Darren repeats the detailed excuses his friend Logan suggests he use to explain why he didn't

do his homework.

• Rosie repeats the spelling of each word several times the night before her spelling test.

Answer: B

7) Judging from the textbook's discussion of educational research, which one of the following would be the best course of action for teachers to take?

• Teachers shouldn't take research findings very seriously, because there are too many gaps in

the knowledge we've gained from research.

• Teachers should focus on research that relates to a single theoretical perspective (such as

Piaget's theory or information processing theory).

• Teachers can use findings from educational research to guide their classroom decision

making.

• Teachers should always go with their common sense and "gut" feelings about how to teach,

regardless of any research findings to the contrary.

Answer: C

8) Which one of the following teaching practices is definitely an example of evidence-based practice?

• A kindergarten teacher asks students to bring something from home that begins with the letter

B.

• A fourth-grade teacher uses a reading program that research has shown to be effective for

fourth graders.

• A seventh-grade science teacher asks students to conduct experiments in which they must

determine which one of several variables makes a pendulum swing fast or more slowly.

• A high school art teacher encourages students to choose a medium (e.g., clay, watercolor

paints) that they can best use to express themselves.

Answer: B

9) Which one of the following is not true? Educational psychologists:

• Use evidence from systematic research to inform teaching and learning practices.
• Publish their research findings in journals and books.
• Use the MLA (Modern Language Association) style when citing references in their

publications.

• Belong to national organizations to share their research with others.

Answer: C 2 / 4

3 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.10) Which of the following three sentences (numbered for clarity in this question) is consistent with APA style? (#1) Students who are motivated tend to learn more than students who are not motivated (Beamer, 2010; Fuente, 2016). (#2) However, some researchers have found that unmotivated students can learn too (Paterno; Franklin). (#3) In fact, one unmotivated student received a higher grade than any of the motivated students (2010; 2016).

• The first sentence
• The second sentence
• The third sentence
• All three sentences are consistent with APA style

Answer: A

11) Which one of the following is the best example of qualitative research?

• Comparing average achievement test scores for students at three different schools
• Finding out how long it takes 6-year-olds to assemble challenging picture puzzles
• Interviewing adolescents about the nature of their relationships with other students
• Examining the number of days students were absent from school to identify potential school

dropouts

Answer: C

12) Imagine you are an educational researcher who wants to learn about the type of psychological environment in which middle school students feel most comfortable and best able to concentrate on their studies. You plan to examine a wide variety of factors that might contribute to such an environment, including physical factors (e.g., cleanliness and colorfulness of the school building) and social factors (e.g., teacher-student relationships, general tolerance for diverse behaviors and beliefs). You realize that students might identify important factors that you yourself haven't even thought of. In this situation, your best choice would probably be:

• A descriptive, quantitative study.
• An experimental study with at least three treatment groups.
• An experimental study with one treatment group and one control group.
• A qualitative study.

Answer: D

13) Which one of the following conclusions could be drawn from a descriptive study?

• Approximately 80% of the students at Southside High School are planning to go to college.
• Students are more likely to appreciate classical music if they are exposed to it on a regular

basis.

• Concrete experiences help students understand abstract ideas better.
• Students do better in school when they have warm, supportive relationships with their

teachers.

Answer: A

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4 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.14) A research study finds that, on average, students who weigh more do better in school. Which one of the following is an appropriate deduction from this information?

• Parents should feed their children as much as possible.
• The school cafeteria should decrease the fat content of the food it serves.
• On average, students who eat more do better in school.
• There is a correlation between weight and classroom performance.

Answer: D

15) A researcher is interested in the effect of teacher-student ratios. She finds 10 fifth-grade classrooms with 30-40 students per class and 10 others with 15-25 students per class. She discovers that there is a negative correlation between class size and student achievement. Which one of the following conclusions can we draw from this study?

• Although class size doesn't necessarily cause changes in achievement, class size can help us

predict school achievement.

• Classes should be as large as reasonably possible.
• Classes should be as small as reasonably possible.
• The researcher has conducted a descriptive study.

Answer: A

16) Dr. Lesgold finds that students in private schools perform better on achievement tests than do

students in public schools. He can conclude that:

• The difference is probably due to differences in family income.
• The difference is probably due to the fact that private schools have smaller classes.
• The difference is probably due to the fact that private schools are more likely to "teach to the

test."

• Students' achievement test scores can be predicted to some extent by the kind of school they

attend.

Answer: D

17) A study that tells us whether two variables are associated, but does not tell us if one variable

causes or influences the other, is:

• A descriptive study.
• A correlational study.
• An experimental study without a control group.
• An experimental study with one or more control groups.

Answer: B

18) In a study of 405 high school juniors, students who spent more time paying attention to their teacher scored higher on their end-of-grade tests. This fictitious study is an example of what type of study?

• A descriptive study
• A correlational study
• An experimental study
• A qualitative study

Answer: B

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