Big Ideas to Guide Effective

Test Bank Brett D. Jones Essentials of Educational Psychology Big Ideas to Guide Effective Teaching Sixth Edition Jeanne Ellis Ormrod Brett D. Jones 1 / 4

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Chapter 1: Introduction to Educational Psychology 1

Learning Outcome Quizzes 1 Application Exercises 15 Case Study Practice Exercises 22 Test Items 25 Test Answer Key 34 2 / 4

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Chapter 1: Introduction to Educational Psychology

Chapter 1 Learning Outcome Quizzes Learning Outcome 1.1: Effective teachers continually work to enhance their professional knowledge and skills.[Q1] Which one of the following examples best illustrates the use of pedagogical content knowledge in a classroom?

• Whenever Ms. Miller observes one of her students bullying or in some other way

disparaging a classmate, she insists that the guilty student write a heartfelt letter of apology to the victim.

• When talking with his students on the first day of the school year, Mr. Moore explains why it

is so important for them to complete their homework assignments every night.

• To help make history “come alive” for his students, Mr. Perez sometimes has his students

role-play particular events, with different students playing different historical figures. [correct]

• When Ms. Svenson writes her lesson plans for the following week, she makes sure that she

includes at least 15 minutes of student practice time in each lesson.[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Although this strategy might potentially reduce bullying behaviors in some students, it doesn’t necessarily help students acquire new knowledge and skills related to classroom subject matter.[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] His explanation might potentially increase homework completion rates for some students, especially if the teacher identifies reasons why doing homework can help students learn and achieve. However, it is at best only a vague, general classroom strategy that doesn’t target any particular academic topics or skill areas.[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Pedagogical content knowledge comprises knowledge of strategies for teaching particular academic topics and skills. Here the teacher is using a discipline-specific strategy-role-playing historical events-for helping students acquire a better understanding of certain aspects of history.[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] In some instances, well-constructed practice exercises can help students acquire new knowledge and skills. However, as described here, this strategy is too general to qualify as pedagogical content knowledge, which is specifically related to teaching particular academic topics and skills.[Q2] Which one of the following four alternatives best illustrates inclusion as educators use the term?

• Ashley, who has a severe and highly contagious case of hepatitis, is home-schooled by a

special tutor provided by the school district. 3 / 4

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• Brian, a sixth grader who has exceptionally poor reading skills, is in a class especially

designed for students with learning disabilities.

• Carter, a 10-year-old with significantly delayed cognitive development, spends most or all of

each day with a special education teacher, but he occasionally joins a regular second-grade class for art or music.

• Darla, who is blind, is in the regular classroom for most or all of each school day; she has

her reading materials tape-recorded or printed in Braille. [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Ashley is not currently a member of a general education classroom-that is, a classroom that includes nondisabled students and (if applicable) one or more students with disabilities.[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Brian is not currently a member of a general education classroom-that is, a classroom that includes nondisabled students and (if applicable) one or more students with disabilities.[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Although Carter occasionally joins a “specials” class, he does not regularly participate in a general education classroom.[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Darla is a genuine member of a general education classroom, with specific adaptations to address her special educational needs.[Q3] Which one of the following examples is the best illustration of high teacher self-efficacy?

• Ms. Smith feels confident that she can help struggling students master important concepts

and skills. [correct]

• Ms. Emory thinks that some of her fellow faculty members are using “old-fashioned”

teaching methods that research has revealed to be ineffective in helping students learn.

• Mr. Evans takes pride in his own active involvement in local governmental decision-making

groups outside of school.

• When reflecting back after his first year of teaching, Mr. Walton worries that his lessons and

activities may not have been sufficiently challenging for his high-ability students.[Feedback for Correct Answer 1] The concept of self-efficacy refers to one’s self-confidence that one is capable of executing certain behaviors or reaching certain goals. Here the teacher is showing confidence that she can help her struggling students.[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] This teacher’s belief, whether accurate or not, does not specifically reflect her beliefs about her own teaching effectiveness.[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] This teacher possibly has high self-efficacy regarding his contributions to his local community, but we know nothing about his self-efficacy in the classroom.

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