Bio 214 Exam 1 Quiz Questions and Answers

Bio 214 Exam 1 Quiz Questions and Answers Leave the first rating Students also studied Terms in this set (89) Science Biology Biochemistry Save

MCAT [QUIZ] AMINO ACIDS BY STR...

Teacher 20 terms Qalbi_TaicePreview Bio 400 EXAM WITH 100% CORREC...Teacher 41 terms XPRT3Preview Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 2...Teacher 71 terms Dancan_Mokua Preview Bioche Teacher Ble Practice questions for this set Learn1 / 7Study using Learn The key enzyme in DNA synthesis is what What are all organisms comprised of?Cells What are the basic structural units of life?Cells _______ can only arise from preexisting ______Cells, Cells Choose an answer 1DNA polymerase2Dna ligase 3Reverse transcriptase4Primase Don't know?

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes- Prokaryotes have no nucleus or membrane bound organelles

• Eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
• Both can reproduce and respond to the environment

RibosomeMolecular machine responsible for translation MitocondiraThe energy (ATP) producing organelle ChloroplastAn organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs. Also known as the energy harvesting organelles.CytoskeletonThe complex internal protein filament network in the cytoplasm Endomembrane systemA network of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles. The Endoplasmic Reticulum & Golgi apparatus are a part of this system.non-covalent interactionsvan der waals, hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions What non-covalent interaction could interact with the fully positive and negative charges on the R groups of some amino acids ionic Carbonyl groups and hydroxyl groups can interact via...Hydrogen bonds Why do non-polar molecules in aqueous solutions minimize their interaction with water Hydrophobic interactions What non-covalent interaction allows complementary surfaces between two biological molecules to interact Van der Waals Van der Waals interactionsindividually weak and occur only when atoms and molecules are very close together What is the key monomer for construction of carbohydrates Monosaccharides What is the key monomer for the construction of nucleic acids Nucleotides What is the key monomer for the construction of fatty acids and lipids Acetyl Coenzyme A What is the monomer used in the construction of proteinsAmino Acids Dehydration reactionA chemical reaction in which two monomers combine by removing water HydrolysisWhen the covalent bond between two monomers is cleaved and water is used to break the bond

BioenergeticsThe study of energy in living systems TransductionConverting or transforming one form of energy to another form of energy Gibbs free energythe energy of a system that is available to do work at a constant temperature and pressure. Symbolized by delta G What are reactions called that occur without an input of external energy Spontaneous or "thermodynamically favorable" negative delta G meansthermodynamically favorable/ spontaneous ATP(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work.

KEY ENERGY STORAGE MOLECULE

steady state/ homeostatic conditionWhen cells use energy to maintain constant concentrations of key molecules at non-equilibrium What macromolecule is an enzyme?protein CatalystsSubstances that speed up chemical reactions. Can be permanently altered in a reaction and only small amounts are needed.Enzymes increase what?Rate of reaction Enzymes do not alter...thermodynamics active siteThe part of an enzyme or antibody where the chemical reaction occurs.lock and key modelThe model of the enzyme that shows the substrate fitting perfectly into the active site induced fit modelThrough this model we now know that enzymes alter their shape when they interact with substrates.GlycolysisA metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to pyruvate and release energy for the body in the form of ATP What are the 3 products of glycolysis?pyruvate, ATP, and NADH GluconeogenesisThe reactions that lead to the production of new molecules of glucose Primary structureThe linear amino acid sequence of one polypeptide Secondary strcutureHelical coils made up of individual strands (alpha helix) Tertiary structureThe complete 3 dimensional folded structure of a single polypeptide

Quaternary structureThe fourth level of protein structure; the shape resulting from the association of two or more polypeptide subunits.What does protein kinase doCovalently adds a phosphate to a target protein What is the current model of biological membranes called Fluid mosaic model What are the two macromolecules found in biological membranes Proteins and Lipids Amphipathic moleculescontaining hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions OrganellesMembrane-bound sub-compartments of the cell How did Gorter and Grendel find that biological membranes are phospholipid bilayers By extraction and analysis of the molecules from red blood cells Davson and Danielli proposed whatProposed that biological membranes had aqueous pores made of the macromolecules protein Three types of membrane proteinsintegral, peripheral, lipid-linked integral membrane proteinsPenetrates into and through the hydrophobic center of a biological membrane peripheral membrane proteinsproteins associated with but not embedded within the plasma membrane, can be removed from a biological membrane by changes in pH or salt concentration Lipid-linked proteinsProteins that have been covalently modified by the addition of one or more lipid groups, can be removed from membranes by treatment with the enzyme phospholipase DetergentsHelp solubilize proteins and destroy the membrane Carrier proteinsUse conformational changes to transport molecules across the membrane Channel proteinsForm open pores in the membrane and are very selective in terms of the molecule that moves through them Two kinds of nucleic acidsDeoxyribonucleic (DNA) and Ribonucleic (RNA) DNA synthesis (replication)Two new DNA double helices are made from a parental double helix TranscriptionFor the expression of genetic information, first a DNA template is used to produce an RNA in...The RNA information is used to program whatA ribosome TranslationThe information in the RNA is used to synthesize a protein in...