Biod 151 - final exam ect answer already graded

Biod 151 - final exam ect answer /already graded A+

What are the levels of organization in the body? - answer>>atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ systems, organism What is ventral v dorsal? - answer>>front (anterior) v back (posterior)

What is medial v lateral? - answer>>toward the midline of the body v away from the midline of the body

What is proximal v distal? - answer>>close to the point of attachment v farther from point of attachment

What is deep v superficial? - answer>>away from the body surface v toward the body surface

What is flexion v extension? - answer>>closing of a joint v opening of a joint

what is ABduction v ADDuction? - answer>>movement away from midline v movement toward midline

What is dorsiflexion v plantarflexion? - answer>>toes up v toes down

What is pronation v supination? - answer>>palms up/foot lateral v palms down/foot medial

What is elevation v depression? - answer>>upward movement of a structure v downward movement of a structure

What is retraction v protraction? - answer>>movement of a structure drawn backward v movement of a structure drawn forward

Describe anatomical position - answer>>Standing upright with feet slightly apart, palms facing forward and thumbs facing away from the body

What is the sagittal plane? - answer>>divides body into left and right (midsagittal is equal parts)

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Biod 151 - final exam ect answer /already graded A+

What are frontal planes? - answer>>divides body into front and back

What is a transverse plane? - answer>>divides the body into superior and inferior parts

What lies within the dorsal cavity? - answer>>the cranial cavity, the spinal cavity, pelvic cavity

What lies within the ventral body cavity? - answer>>thoracic cavity, pleural cavity, thoracic cavity, pericardial cavity, abdominopelvic cavity

What is serosa? - answer>>membrane that lines the ventral body cavity and the outer surface of the organs

What is pleurisy? - answer>>inflammation of the pleurae

What are the nine abdominopelvic regions? - answer>>R/L hypochondriac, epigastric, R/L lumbar, umbilical, R/L hypogastric, hypogastric

Why do cells need to remain relatively small? - answer>>Because as the cell expands, the amount of surface area relative to volume decreases. The smaller cell is more active when its surface area, relative to its volume, is bigger

What are the three characteristics of a prokaryotic cell? - answer>>smaller than eukaryotic, DNA is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane, do not contain many of the internal membrane-bound organelles that eukaryotic cells have

What parts of a prokaryotic cell can be labeled? - answer>>capsule, cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, plasmid, pili, bacterial flagellum, nucleoid

What is the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell? - answer>>surrounded by a nuclear membrane and contains DNA. Serves as the control enter of the cell

What are chromosomes? - answer>>organized form of DNA in a cell 2 / 3

Biod 151 - final exam ect answer /already graded A+

What are genes? - answer>>sections of a chromosome that determine what proteins are synthesized in the ribosomes

What transfers the information from the DNA to the ribosomes? - answer>>Messenger RNA

Where is RNA made? - answer>>nucleolus

What are ribosomes? - answer>>tiny manufacturing plants that assemble proteins.

Where are ribosomes located? - answer>>the rough ER

What is the purpose of the rough/smooth ER? - answer>>after proteins are assembled, they are modified and transported by the eR. The smooth ER also synthesizes lipids

What is the cytoplasm? - answer>>fluid portion of the cell and all the organelles outside of the nucleus

What is the golgi complex? - answer>>made up of flattened sacs called cisternae. Responsible for receiving lipids and proteins synthesized by the ER altering their structures and shipping them to other parts of the cell.

What are lysosomes? - answer>>produced by the golgi complex, they are a digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins, lipids, carbs, and nucleic acids

What is tay-sachs? - answer>>when a normally present digestive enzyme is lacking that causes a topic lipid in the brain to build up resulting in intellectual disability and death

What are the protein fibers that compose the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells? - answer>>microtubules- hollow cylinders that are involved in the movement of chromosomes during cell division and the structure of cilia and flagella; microfilaments - solid, flexible fibers made up of two intertwined polymer chains of actins.

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