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BIOLl 101/l BIOL101l Modulel 1:l (Latestl
2026/l 2027l Update)l Essentiall Biologyl Il W/Labl |l 100%l Verifiedl Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel A
Q: Whyl isl thel electrochemicall gradientl importantl forl cellularl funtion
Answer:
Thel electricall potentiall ofl ionsl acrossl thel celll membranel isl anl importantl elementl forl nervel conduction,l musclel contraction,l mitochondriall metabolism,l andl hormonel secretion
Q: Whyl arel proteinsl sol oftenl usedl tol buildl structures?
Answer:
Becausel theyl arel "structurallyl sophisticated".l Theyl arel strong,l yetl flexiblel andl incrediblyl diverse.
Q: Thel basesl presentl inl nucleicl acidsl containl whatl elementl besidesl Cl andl Hl andl O?
Answer:
Nitrogenl atoms
Q: Al nucleicl acidl nucleotidel containsl al sugar,l al phosphatel groupl andl al nitrogenousl base.l Listl thel typel ofl sugarl foundl inl DNAl andl inl RNAl andl thel typesl ofl basesl foundl inl each.
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Answer:
Deoxyribosel (pyrimidines-Cytosine,l
Thymine,l
Uracill inl RNAl andl purines-Adeninel andl Guanine)l andl Ribose.
Q: Howl dol DNAl andl RNAl differl inl appearancel andl inl size?
Answer:
DNAl isl al doublel helix,l twol strandsl connectedl byl pairingl ofl thel bases;
l RNAl isl al singlel strand.l RNAl hasl al Uracill basel insteadl ofl Thymine.
Q: DNAl isl oftenl describedl asl al coiledl ladder.l Inl thisl description,l whatl twol partsl ofl al DNAl nucleotidel forml thel uprights?l Whatl partl formsl thel rungs?
Answer:
Thel uprightsl arel thel sugarl phosphatel backbone,l andl thel rungsl arel thel bases.
Q: Telll whetherl eachl ofl thel followingl isl al carbohydrate,l lipid,l protein,l orl nucleicl acid.l Thenl explainl thel usel ofl each.a.l Glucosel -l b.l Triglyceridel - c.l Phospholipidl - d.l Hemoglobinl -l e.l DNAl - l f.l RNAl -l g.l Glycogen—
Answer: 2 / 3
Glucosel -l carbohydrate-usedl asl al fuel,l isl referredl tol asl bloodl sugarl inl humansl andl animals
Triglyceridel -lipid-thel majorl forml ofl fuell storagel thatl whenl brokenl downl producesl morel energyl perl graml thenl carbohydrates
Phospholipidl -lipid-thel majorl constituentl ofl celll membranes
Hemoglobinl -l protein-carriesl oxygenl inl thel blood
DNAl -l nucleicl acid-geneticl materiall ofl cells RNAl -l nucleicl acid-partl ofl thel protein-synthesizingl operationl ofl thel cell
Glycogen—carbohydrate-thel forml inl whichl animalsl andl humansl storel glucose
Q: Comparel andl contrastl prokaryoticl andl eukaryoticl cellsl inl size,l complexity,l organelles,l andl formationl ofl membranes.
Answer:
Prokaryoticl cellsl arel smaller,l lessl complexl (simple),l onlyl containl onel organellel andl havel al deeplyl foldedl plasmal membrane.l Likel Eukaryoticl cells,l prokaryotesl containl DNA,l RNAl andl ribosomes.
Q: Whatl arel thel componentsl ofl thel celll membrane?
Answer:
Phospholipidl bi-layerl withl proteinsl andl phospholipidsl embeddedl withinl it.l Cholesteroll isl usuallyl presentl asl well.
Q: Whatl kindl ofl proteinsl canl bel foundl withinl thel phospholipidl bi-layer?
Answer:
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