Biology 1400 Final Exam

WGU C190 Intro to Biology Unit 3 Leave the first rating Students also studied Terms in this set (56) Science Biology Cell Biology Save Biology 1400 Final Exam Teacher 206 terms hamesacPreview BIO 110 practice exam Teacher 48 terms lizzwambuuiPreview NUR 502 exam 1 Teacher 125 terms Kayleigh_Rutter Preview Bio 116 Teacher Rig Practice questions for this set Learn1 / 7Study using Learn the process of particles, which are sometimes called solutes, moving through a solution or gas from an area with a higher number of particles to an area with a lower number of particles. The areas are typically separated by a membrane.Features of DNAFunction: Stores genetic information. Location: Remains in the nucleus. Structure: Double helix. Sugar: Deoxyribose. Pyrimidines: Cytosine, Thymine. Purines: Adenine, guanine.Choose an answer 1Concentration gradient2Temperature 3Diffusion4Membrane potential Don't know?

Features of RNAFunction: Involved in protein synthesis. Location: Leaves the nucleus. Structure: Usually single-stranded. Sugar: Ribose. Pyrimidines: Cytosine, uracil. Purines: Adenine, guanine.ActinFilament in the Cytoskeleton which has a prominent role in cell movement, maintaining cell shape, and connection to other cells, as well as intracellular transport.Cell Membraneprovides a barrier between the interior and exterior of the cell and it regulates the flow of substances in and out of the cell.Cell wallProtective layer for prokaryotes, made of peptidoglycan.central vacuoleIn a plant cell. can be a place of storage, degradation, defense, and even physical support for the cell.centrioleA barrel-shaped structure only present in animal cells. plays a role in the spatial organization of the cell and cell division.chloroplastIn a plant cell. Chloroplasts capture energy from the sun and use that energy to build sugar molecules.chromatinthe material of which the chomrosomes of organisms are composed. Consists of protein, RNA and DNA chromosomeA single molecule of DNA.ciliuma short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure. Occurs in large numbers on the surface of certain cells.cytoplasmthe fluid that occupies the space inside the cell. the space in which the chemical reactions that enable life take place.cytoskeletonformed by a series of protein filaments, and is both a scaffold for the cell structure and a framework for many cellular activities, including movement and cell division.endoplasmic reticulum (ER)a series of sacs and tubes. put together or assemble the proteins and other cellular components.eukaryotic celllarger, and most often they are multicellular organisms, including plants, animals, and fungi.flagellumExternal appendage to a prokaryote.fungusinclude molds and mushrooms, are also eukaryotes.golgi apparatusWhere the proteins assembled in the ER are delivered to different parts of the cell, or in multicellular organisms, to different parts of the body.

lysosomespecialized vesicles found only in animal cells. Contain powerful digestive enzymes that can recycle cellular parts or destroy external invaders.microtubuleFormed by centrioles. filament type of the cytoskeleton. also form appendages such as the flagellum of the sperm cell and the cilia of the cells of the respiratory system.mitochondriontakes fuel in the form of sugar (glucose) and convert it to usable energy ATP.nuclear envelopea double-layered membrane surrounding the nucleus. studded with pores that allow information from inside the nucleus to enter the cytoplasm.nucleoidRegion ina prokaryote, where the DNA molecule is present. Does not have a surrounding membrane.nucleoulusWithin the nucleus. not bound by a membrane. Instead, it is an aggregate of molecules where ribosomes, another type of nonmembranous organelle, are assembled.organellea specialized structure formed when a specific set of molecules bond, providing a subunit that performs a particular function within the cell. Many, but not all, are structures enclosed by a membrane.plasmida genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of the chromosomes, typically a small circular DNA strand in the cytoplasm of a bacterium or protozoan.prokaryotic cellsmall, simple, single-cell organisms; bacteria are the most prevalent kind. Do not contain a nucleus or any other organelle.protistSingle-celled eukaryote.ribosomethe molecular machines that use the instructions contained in the DNA to build all the proteins needed by the cell.vacuolespecialized mainly for storage. Their membranes do not fuse with the membranes of other cellular components.vesiclespecialized for transport and some other functions. Their membranes can fuse with the plasma membrane, allowing them to empty their contents into the extracellular space. Also may fuse with the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, allowing them to empty their contents into those organelles.endomembrane systemdescribes a set of membranous structures found in eukaryotic cells that are related to the synthesis, packaging, and distribution of cellular molecules.includes the endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth), the Golgi apparatus, and vesicles.

glycolipidrole is to maintain the stability of the cell membrane and to facilitate cellular recognition, which is crucial to the immune response and in the connections that allow cells to connect to one another to form tissues.integral proteinIn order to carry out their functions, some proteins need to be embedded in the membrane. These proteins are called_____.peripheral proteinProteins that are attached to the inner or outer surface of a membrane are called ____.phospholipid bilayerthe fabric of the membrane. The structure causes the membrane to be semipermeable. The hydrophobic core blocks the diffusion of hydrophilic ions and polar molecules. Small hydrophobic molecules and gases, which can dissolve in the membrane's core, cross it with ease.sterolused by some cells to maintain proper membrane fluidity.Active Transportmoving molecules against their concentration gradient. This is a non spontaneous process and requires the cell to do work to move the ions "uphill" against the concentration gradient. To do work, the cell must expend energy and actively move (pump)the ions.Concentration gradientthe process of particles, which are sometimes called solutes, moving through a solution or gas from an area with a higher number of particles to an area with a lower number of particles. The areas are typically separated by a membrane.diffusionThe passing of molecules through the membrane into the cell.endocytosismaterial is engulfed within an infolding of the plasma membrane and then brought into the cell within a cytoplasmic vesicle.exocytosisan internal vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the outside.facilitated diffusionThe process of moving impermeable molecules across a membrane (down their concentration gradients) using channels or pores is referred to as _____ ________.osmosisa process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.selective permeabilityThe cell membrane provides a semipermeable barrier between the inside and the outside of the cell. The phospholipid bilayer structure of the membrane allows selected ions and organic molecules to pass through the plasma membrane and regulates the movement of molecular substances.simple diffusionboth large and small molecules spontaneously move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration following random movements, referred to as Brownian motion.