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Basic Knowledge Assessment Tool (BKAT) Study Guide (Latest Update 2025 / 2026) Questions & Answers | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Solutions)
Question:
Normal ABGs
Answer:
pH: 7.35 - 7.45
PaCO2: 35 - 45
HCO3: 22 - 26
SaO2: 95 - 100
PaCO2: 80 - 100
Question:
Normal vacuum pressure for suctioning
Answer:
-20 mm Hg, low intermittent suctioning best, 120-140 1 / 4
Question:
Biphasic settings for defibrillation
Answer:
150 J
Question:
Goals when responding to ventilator alarm
Answer:
Always check patient first.
Question:
Possible causes of high pressure ventilator alarms
Answer:
Water in vent circuit, Coughing, Kinking or biting of endotube, Secretions in the airway, Bronchospasm, Tension pneumothorax
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Question:
Possible causes of low pressure ventilator alarms
Answer:
Indicate that either the ventilator did not reach the pressure it expected or that some of the air it delivered was not exhaled back into the tubing for measurement. Look for disconnected tubing or an air leak. The most common places for leaks are around the ET tube cuff, poorly secured connections, and drainage and access ports on the tubing.
Question:
Verify ET tube placement?
Answer:
At the lip. Needs to be verified with a CXR.
Question:
ET tube problems
Answer:
Check cuff pressure (20-30 cm H20) - higher can cause necrosis. RT to evaluate cuff leak. Reposition to minimize skin breakdown. Change tubing every 24 hours. DO NOT exceed 120-140 when suctioning.
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Question:
VAP prevention
Answer:
HOB > 30, sedation reduction, weaning, DVT prophyalxis, oral cares, hand hygiene
Question:
Complications of chest trauma to lungs
Answer:
Pneumothorax, PE, pleural effusion, ARDS
Question:
Complications of high cervical injury/spinal cord
Answer:
Respiratory dysfunction: loss of function, loss of drive.
Question:
Protective measures to take for a high cervical injury
Answer:
Protect neck/spine, C4 innervates diaphragm - worry about breathing (probable intubation)
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