BNKN602 EXAM RESPIRATORY NEWEST ACTUAL

BNKN602 EXAM – RESPIRATORY NEWEST ACTUAL /

QUESTIONS AND ANSWER VERIFIED/ GRADED A+

pulmonary diseases that affect air flow - ---Answers--- emphysema chronic bronchitis chronic asthma

characteristics of pulmonary diseases that affect air flow - --- Answers----damage to small airways -parenchymal destruction -loss of alveolar attachments and decrease in elastic recoil

• V/Q ratio may be altered

-associated with immunological responses, different to asthma

COPD incidence - ---Answers---- 15% of NZers 45years and older

• 4th leading cause of premature death in NZ
• Maori hospitalization rates 3.7% greater than non-Maori
• often undiagnosed
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COPD causes - ---Answers---- tobacco smoking

• cannabis smoking
• air pollution
• airway infection
• occupational exposure
• genetic pre-disposition
• bronchial hypersensitiveness

four main alterations in respiratory function - ---Answers--- ventilation/perfusion mismatch Alveolar hypo-ventilation Alveolar hyperventilation Hypoxia

ventilation/perfusion mismatch - ---Answers---an mismatch in the V/Q ratio caused by impaired ventilation or impaired perfusion. (e.g. pneumonia, pulmonary embolism)

pneumonia - ---Answers---impaired ventilation as the alveoli are obstructed by secretions/pus

pulmonary embolism - ---Answers---V/Q mismatch due to impaired perfusion as the embolism is blocking blood flow

ventilation - ---Answers---airflow into the alveoli

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