BY 210 GENETICS EXAM 3 EXPERT CERTIFIED actual

BY 210 GENETICS EXAM 3 EXPERT CERTIFIED (actual

• 219 QUESTIONS AND verified ANSWERS A

GRADED A+

What does the process of translation require?mRNA template, transfer RNA molecules (tRNA), amino acids, ribosomes, enzymes and cofactors, GTP (energy)

What unit is ribosomes measured in?Svedberg Units (S)

What does the Svedberg Unit represent?rate at which a molecule sediments under the centrifugal force of a centrifuge

What is mutant I- The regulator protein has a defective operator-binding site.

what is mutant Oc The Oc operator sequence is defective. The repressor protein will not bind to it.

What happens when cAMP is high?glucose is low 1 / 4

What is the relationship between cAMP and glucose?inversely proportional

What is the trp Operon of E. coli?it is a negative repressible operon

Five structural genes:

trpE, trpD, trpC, trpB, and trpA—five enzymes together convert chorismate to tryptophan

What is the flow of genetic information from DNA to protein in Eukaryotes?DNA gets transcribed which will make a mRNA that will undergo RNA splicing which will leave the nucleus and undergo translation to form a protein

What are the levels of Eukaryotic Gene Regulation?DNA-Protein (Promoter-transcription factor)-mediated gene regulation Gene Regulation Via RNA Stability RNA interference Translational control Post-translational protein modifications Epigenetics

Define Enhancers in Eukaryotic Gene Regulation 2 / 4

regions of the DNA that interact with regulatory proteins to stimulate transcription of nearby genes

Where can enhancers be located?An enhancer can be located upstream, downstream or even within a gene it regulates.

Define Silencers in Eukaryotic Gene Regulation control regions of DNA

Where is the silencer located?may be located thousands of base pairs away from the gene they control.

What is the gene expression when transcription factors bind to a silencer?it is repressed

What are insulators in Eukaryotic Gene Regulation?are stretches of DNA (as few as 42 base pairs).A genetic boundary element that blocks the interaction between enhancers/silencers and promoters

What is the function of insulators? 3 / 4

to prevent a gene from being influenced by the activation (or repression) of its neighbors.

What is a T-cell antigen receptor genes?An insulator between the alpha gene promoter and the delta gene promoter that ensures that activation of one does not spread over to the other.

Define Transcription Factors are proteins that stimulate gene transcription. They have two functional domains.

What are the two domains for transcription factors?DNA-binding domain trans-functional domain

Define DNA-binding domain binds to DNA sequences in regulatory regions

Define trans-functional domain activates/suppress transcription via protein-protein interaction

What are dimerization domains?

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