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By Awal Sher Khan
INS/KMU
Objectives By the end of the session learners will be able
to:
•Define chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)
•Discuss the causes and risk factors of COPD.•Explain pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of COPD.•Discuss the diagnostic and medical management of COPD.•Apply nursing Management for patient with COPD.
⦿ COPD is also known as chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD), chronic airflow limitation (CAL) and chronic obstructive respiratory disease (CORD) ⦿ Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) refers to chronic bronchitis and emphysema, a pair of two commonly co-existing diseases of the lungs in which the airways become narrowed. This leads to a limitation of the flow of ⦿ air to and from the lungs causing ⦿ shortness of breath.
⦿ In COPD, less air flows in and out of the airways because of one or more of the
following:
❖The airways and air sacs lose their elastic quality.❖The walls between many of the air sacs are destroyed.❖The walls of the airways become thick and inflamed.❖The airways make more mucus than usual, which tends to clog them.
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