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Career Development Interventions, 6e Spencer Niles, JoAnn E Harris Bowlsbey
(Solutions Manual All Chapter)
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iii
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction to Career Development Interventions ......................................... 1 Chapter 2 Understanding and Applying Theories of Career Development ...................... 7 Chapter 3 Understanding and Applying Recent Theories of Career Development ....... 16 Chapter 4 Providing Culturally Competent Career Development Interventions ............. 25 Chapter 5 Assessment and Career Planning ................................................................ 34 Chapter 6 Career Information and Resources ............................................................... 41 Chapter 7 Using Technology to Support Career Counseling and Planning ................... 46 Chapter 8 Career Counseling Strategies and Techniques for the 21st Century ............ 55 Chapter 9 Designing, Implementing, and Evaluating Career Development Programs and Services ................................................................................ 61 Chapter 10 Career Development Interventions in the Elementary Schools................... 67 Chapter 11 Career Development Interventions in Middle Schools ................................ 74 Chapter 12 Career Development Interventions in High Schools ................................... 78 Chapter 13 Career Development Interventions in Higher Education ............................. 83 Chapter 14 Career Development Interventions in Community Settings ........................ 90 Chapter 15 Ethical Issues in Career Development Interventions .................................. 95
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Career Development Interventions 1 Copyright © 2022, 2017 and 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.Chapter 1 Introduction to Career Development Interventions This chapter introduces students to the importance of career development interventions in the 21st century to help individuals adapt to complex career concerns of today’s workers.Competent career practitioners must possess the knowledge and skills required for providing effective career assistance that encompasses and transcends those required for general counseling. Preparing students to address career counseling needs with their clients means helping them see the connections between mental health, wellness, and career. Career counseling is not limited to administering and interpreting occupational assessments but is inextricably tied to counseling through which clients can more clearly articulate their identity and what matters to them. Career counselors and practitioners seek to empower people to derive meaning from their life experiences and to translate that meaning into rewarding occupational choices. Specifically, this chapter (1) describes the current context for making career choices, (2) traces the meaning of work across time, (3) highlights the link between work and worth, (4) provides an overview of systematic career development intervention while defining specific career-related terms, (5) highlights important events in the history of career development competencies and performance indicators, and (6) discusses future trends in career development interventions.Expected Learning Outcomes
• 1.1: Understand how the meaning of work evolves over time.
• 1.2: Learn key career development terms.
• 1.3: Learn about key historical events in the history of career development
interventions.
• 1.4: Identify future trends in career development interventions.
• 1.5: Identify ways career development interventions will evolve to address trends in the field.Introduction • The conditions of these years of the 21st century—globalization, the COVID-19 pandemic, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the unprecedented unemployment rate, the high rate of underemployment, and racial unrest—set the context for career choice and development.• These factors and others provide evidence that everyone needs assistance with career choice/development at some time in their life, as has been acknowledged by the American School Counselor Association (A S C A) and documented by surveys of the population.• Unfortunately, despite the positive evidence that engagement in career exploration and planning has positive effects on school motivation and learning, many counselors view career counseling as “less than,” perhaps “easier than,” providing help in other areas. 3 / 4
Chapter 1 Introduction to Career Development Interventions 2 Copyright © 2022, 2017 and 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.• The fact is, however, that competent career counseling demands a larger array of knowledge and skills than counseling in other areas.• The National Career Development Association (N C D A) has identified 10 areas in
which career counselors need extensive knowledge and skill:
- Career Development Theory
- Individual and Group Counseling
- Career Information
- Use of Technology
- Program Development, Marketing, and Implementation
- Career Coaching and Consultation
- Multicultural Counseling
- Supervision
- Ethical and Legal Concerns
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All of these are addressed in this textbook.• At the core, career development interventions help people to consider how to develop and live their lives and empower them to construct meaning out of their unique life experiences.• Career decision making is very complex, involving self-concept, self-efficacy, life roles, interests, values, abilities, family influences, cultural background, racial-ethnic diversity, and economic conditions.• All indications are that career development/choices will become more complex due to effects such as COVID-19, world “flattening” due to continued globalization, outsourcing, short-term employment, robotization, and high unemployment rates.• An increasingly global economy, aided by high-speed communication, requires that workers (1) constantly engage in learning, (2) develop a sense of passion and curiosity about life, (3) have a strong capacity to work collaboratively with others, (4) balance analytical thinking with creativity, (5) possess ability to cope with change and ambiguity, (6) have the ability to acquire and use career information, (7) be able to adjust quickly to changing work demands, and (8) have the skill to use technology effectively.• Though offering many positives, global flattening (spreading jobs, culture, communication, etc., across nations) also has negatives, such as a decrease in job openings in some areas of work, exploitation of workers, and human trafficking.• We are now experiencing the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Hirschi, 2018), characterized by elimination of jobs due to robotization, structural changes in work (more upper- and lower-level jobs, reducing those in the middle), and subjection to technostress (as more and more technology becomes a required part of job duties).• The combination of the flattening of the world and the Fourth Industrial Revolution make it necessary for counselors to advocate for policy and legislation that support workers through these transitions.The Meaning of Work Across Time
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