Chapter 01: Food, Nutrition, and Health

Chapter 01: Food, Nutrition, and Health

Nix: Williams’ Basic Nutrition and Diet Therapy, 16th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

• Promoting a health care service that improves diabetes management for the elderly in a

community would assist in which of the following?

• Supporting the national health goals Healthy People 2020
• Reducing hunger in a subset of the United States population
• Improving Medicare reimbursement claims
• Providing access to primary health care services

ANS: A

Healthy People 2020 has a wide influence and is the focus of the nation’s main objective to promote health and prevent disease.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Application TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

• A patient requires a nutrition assessment. The most appropriate professional to perform the

assessment is a

• physician.
• nurse.
• public health nutritionist.
• registered dietitian.

ANS: D

The registered dietitian is the nutrition expert registered with the Commission of Dietetic Registration (CDR), the certifying agency of Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.Registered dietitians are the only professionals who have met strict educational and professional prerequisites and passed a national registration examination that properly prepares them to conduct a nutrition assessment.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Application TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care

• The sum of all body processes inside living cells that sustain life and health is
• science.
• digestion.
• metabolism.
• nutrition.

ANS: C

Metabolism is the sum of all chemical changes that take place in the body. Metabolism provides energy, builds tissue, and regulates metabolic processes in the body.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

• The nutrients that provide the body with its primary source of fuel for energy are
• vitamins.

(Williams' Basic Nutrition and Diet Therapy, 16th Edition Staci Nix) (Test Bank all Chapters) 1 / 4

• minerals.
• fiber.
• carbohydrates.

ANS: D

Carbohydrates (e.g., starches and sugars) are the body’s primary fuel to carry out necessary processes; fat is the secondary source of energy.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

• Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding the functions of protein?
• Proteins can be a primary fuel source even if there is adequate carbohydrate intake.
• Proteins are a necessary nutrient to provide energy for the body in times of stress.
• Proteins can be used as coenzyme factors during cell metabolism.
• Proteins are essential to building and repairing tissues within the body.

ANS: D

The primary function of proteins is to provide amino acids, which are the building units necessary to building and repairing tissues within the body. This is a constant process that ensures adequate growth and maintenance of tissues for a strong body.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

• A 65-year-old man requires 2000 kcal/day without any specific fat or carbohydrate

requirements. The approximate number of kilocalories per day from fat that his diet should provide is _____ kcal/day.

• 400–700
• 100–300
• 500–800
• 900–1200

ANS: A

Fat should provide no more than 20% to 35% of the total kilocalories per day, so for a 2000-kcal diet, 400–700 kcal should be provided.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Application TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

• The body’s main storage form of carbohydrate is
• glycogen.
• glycerol.
• glucagon.
• glucose.

ANS: A

Glycogen is a polysaccharide that is the main storage form of carbohydrate in the human body. It is mainly stored in the liver and to a lesser extent in muscle tissue.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 2 / 4

• The number of kilocalories provided by one slice of bread that contains 30 g carbohydrate,
• g protein, and 1 g fat is _____ kcal.
• 34
• 136
• 141
• 306

ANS: C

Calculate as follows: Carbohydrate provides 4 kcal/g, protein provides 4 kcal/g, and fat

provides 9 kcal/g. Therefore:

30 g carbohydrate  4 kcal/g = 120 kcal

• g protein  4 kcal/g = 12 kcal
• g fat  9 kcal/g = 9 kcal

= 141 total kcal (120 kcal + 12 kcal + 9 kcal)

DIF: Cognitive Level: Application TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

• The number of kilocalories from fat in a sandwich that contains 22 g fat is _____ kcal.
• 88
• 132
• 154
• 198

ANS: D

Fat provides 9 kcal/g. Thus, 22 g fat  9 kcal/g = 198 kcal.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Application TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

• The number of kilocalories from protein in a sandwich that contains 15 g protein is _____

kcal.

• 45
• 60
• 75
• 135

ANS: B

Protein provides 4 kcal/g. Thus, 15 g protein  4 kcal/g = 60 kcal.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Application TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

• The basic building units of protein are called _____ acids.
• fatty
• amino
• nucleic
• carboxyl

ANS: B 3 / 4

The basic building units of protein are amino acids, which are necessary for building, repairing, and maintaining body tissues.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

• The main nutrients involved in metabolic regulation and control are
• water and vitamins.
• vitamins and minerals.
• vitamins and fatty acids.
• minerals and carbohydrates.

ANS: B

Vitamins and minerals are the key nutrients in regulating and controlling the many chemical processes in the body. Vitamins and minerals function as coenzyme factors, which are components of cell enzymes that govern cell chemical reactions in cell metabolism.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

• The dietary regimen that would provide optimal nutrition for a person who is recovering

from an extended illness is a diet

• low in protein, fat, and carbohydrates; high in minerals and vitamins; and very low

in fiber.

• providing adequate amounts of carbohydrates, protein, fat, minerals, and vitamins

along with adequate water and fiber.

• high in protein, fiber, and fluid; low in carbohydrates; and adequate in vitamins

and minerals.

• with essential amounts of vitamins and minerals; high in protein; and low in fat,

carbohydrates, and fiber.

ANS: B

Optimal nutrition incorporates a varied diet supplying adequate amounts of all nutrients, including carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and fluid.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Application TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

• A young woman is 5 months pregnant. She currently lives in a condition of poverty and

often runs out of money to buy food. She is most at risk for

• liver damage.
• osteopenia.
• undernutrition.
• overnutrition.

ANS: C

A person with undernutrition, or an intake less than the desired amounts of nutrients a person needs to sustain and maintain health, carries a greater risk for physical illness than a person receiving adequate nutrition. In this case, a young, pregnant woman living in poverty who cannot obtain the necessary nutrition for herself and her baby is in a state of undernutrition, placing both at nutritional risk.

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