Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology

Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology

MULTIPLE CHOICE

• Which of the following would be the most likely cause of an iatrogenic disease?
• An inherited disorder
• A combination of specific etiological factors
• An unwanted effect of a prescribed drug
• Prolonged exposure to toxic chemicals in the environment

ANS: C

2. The manifestations of a disease are best defined as the:

• subjective feelings of discomfort during a chronic illness.
• signs and symptoms of a disease.
• factors that precipitate an acute episode of a chronic illness.
• early indicators of the prodromal stage of infection.

ANS: B

3. The best definition of the term prognosis is the:

• precipitating factors causing an acute episode.
• number of remissions to be expected during the course of a chronic illness.
• predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease.
• exacerbations occurring during chronic illness.

ANS: C

• Which of the following is considered a systemic sign of disease?
• Swelling of the knee
• Fever
• Pain in the neck
• Red rash on the face

ANS: B

5. Etiology is defined as the study of the:

• causes of a disease.
• course of a disease.
• expected complications of a disease.
• manifestations of a disease.

ANS: A

• A type of cellular adaptation in which there is a decrease in cell size is referred to as:
• hypertrophy.
• metaplasia.
• anaplasia.
• atrophy.

ANS: D

(Gould's Pathophysiology for the Health Professions, 6th Edition Hubert) (Test Bank all Chapters) 1 / 4

• A change in a tissue marked by cells that vary in size and shape and show increased

mitotic figures would be called:

• metaplasia.
• atrophy.
• dysplasia.
• hypertrophy.

ANS: C

• A deficit of oxygen in the cells usually due to respiratory or circulatory problems is called:
• apoptosis.
• ischemia.
• hypertrophy.
• necrosis.

ANS: B

9. When a group of cells in the body dies, the change is called:

• ischemia.
• gangrene.
• hypoxia.
• necrosis.

ANS: D

• Rigorous weight lifting/body building regimens may result in the skeletal muscle cells

undergoing:

• hypertrophy.
• dysplasia.
• atrophy.
• regeneration.

ANS: A

11. The term cancer refers to:

• dysplasia.
• hyperplasia.
• metaplasia.
• malignant neoplasm.

ANS: D

• To which of the following does the term apoptosis refer?
• Increased rate of mitosis by certain cells
• Ischemic damage to cells
• Liquefaction of necrotic tissue
• Preprogrammed cell self-destruction

ANS: D

• Which of the following statements is TRUE?
• Alteration of DNA does not change cell function. 2 / 4

• Damaged cells may be able to repair themselves.
• All types of cells die at the same rate.
• Mild ischemia causes immediate cell death.

ANS: B

14. Caseation necrosis refers to an area where:

• cell proteins have been denatured.
• cell are liquefied by enzymes.
• dead cells form a thick cheesy substance.
• bacterial invasion has occurred.

ANS: C

15. Routine application of sun block to skin would be an example of:

• an iatrogenic cause of cancer.
• a preventive measure.
• a precipitating factor.
• a predisposing condition.

ANS: B

• A circumstance that causes a sudden acute episode of a chronic disease to occur is termed:
• latent stage.
• predisposing factor.
• incidence.
• precipitating factor.

ANS: D

17. The term homeostasis refers to:

• the causative factors in a particular disease.
• maintenance of a stable internal environment.
• a condition that triggers an acute episode.
• a collection of signs and symptoms.

ANS: B

• Which term is used to describe a new and secondary or additional problem that arises after

the original disease has been established?

• Symptoms
• Occurrence
• Manifestations
• Complication

ANS: D

19. Pathophysiology involves the study of:

• the structure of the human body.
• the functions of various organs in the body.
• functional or structural changes resulting from disease processes.
• various cell structures and related functions.

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ANS: C

• Which of the following is the best definition of epidemiology?
• The science of tracking the occurrence and distribution of diseases
• The relative number of deaths resulting from a particular disease
• Identification of a specific disease through evaluation of signs and symptoms
• The global search for emerging diseases

ANS: A

• Which of the following can cause cell injury or death?
• Hypoxia
• Exposure to excessive cold
• Excessive pressure on a tissue
• Chemical toxins
• 1, 2
• 2, 4
• 1, 3, 4
• 1, 2, 3, 4

ANS: D

22. All of the following are part of the Seven Steps to Health EXCEPT:

• follow cancer screening guidelines.
• use sun block agents whenever exposed.
• participate in strenuous exercise on a regular daily basis.
• choose high fiber, lower fat foods.

ANS: C

23. The term disease refers to:

• the period of recovery and return to a normal healthy state.
• a deviation from the normal state of health and function.
• the treatment measures used to promote recovery.
• a basic collection of signs and symptoms.

ANS: B

• A collection of signs and symptoms, often affecting more than one organ or system, that

usually occur together in response to a certain condition is referred to as a (an):

• acute disease.
• multiorgan disorder.
• syndrome.
• manifestation.

ANS: C

25. All of the following statements are correct about cell damage EXCEPT:

• The initial stage of cell damage often causes an alteration in metabolic reactions.
• If the factor causing the damage is removed quickly, the cell may be able to

recover and return to its normal state.

• If the noxious factor remains for an extended period of time, the damage becomes
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