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Chapter 1 Introducing Public Speaking
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- Describe four key ways that public speaking differs from other forms of speech.
ANSWER: Public speaking is unique in four ways. First, public speaking features communication between a speaker and an audience. Second, the content is tailored to the audience. Third, the spoken word is emphasized. Fourth, public speaking presentations are generally prepared.
- Contrast the linear process of communication with the transactional model and identify the essential
elements of each.ANSWER: The liner communication model describes a more one-directional approach to communication. A source creates (encodes) and sends a message via a channel to the receiver. The receiver then decodes the message. In the transactional model, communication is not a one-way activity.Throughout the exchange, all participants continuously send and receive messages.
- MOST college graduates enter the workforce with public speaking experience.
- True
- False
ANSWER: b
- In public speaking, the presenter and audience members generally have an equal opportunity to speak.
- True
- False
ANSWER: b
- Describe the speaker–audience interaction in public speaking.
ANSWER: In public speaking, the speaker does most of the talking, while the audience primarily listens.Audience members may respond to messages, however. They may smile, frown, or look puzzled, for example. Any interjections from listeners are brief. Effective speakers will interpret these signals from the audience and modify their message as needed.
- Using examples from school, community, and career, explain how public speaking can inform, influence,
and persuade.
ANSWER: Student answers will vary.
- Explain the value of preparation in public speaking.
ANSWER: The best public speakers choose their topic in advance, carefully consider their message on that topic, and then select the best ideas for the audience they will be addressing. Preparation allows speakers time to organize their ideas, choose their words, and practice delivery.
- Consider the different types of noise discussed in the text. What actions can speakers take to help reduce
noise during their presentations?
ANSWER: Student answers will vary.
- Public speaking is centered on the speaker.
- True
- False
Speak Up, 6e Douglas Fraleigh, Joseph Tuman (Test Bank Latest Edition 2023-24, Grade A+, 100% Verified) 1 / 4
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ANSWER: b
- In public speaking, pictures, charts, and handouts should be the focus of the presentation.
- True
- False
ANSWER: b
- Technology provides speakers with an increasing number of options for communicating with others in
remote locations. Do you think these new channels of communication will make face-to-face public speeches unnecessary at some point in the future? Why or why not?
ANSWER: Student answers will vary.
- Why is public speaking a valuable skill?
ANSWER: Public speaking is valuable in many contexts, including the classroom, the workplace, and the community. As people gain confidence in public speaking, they will find it easier to speak out in front of others. Those armed with public speaking skills can help shape society by informing, influencing, or persuading.
- How can college or university students apply public speaking skills on campus?
ANSWER: With public speaking skills, students can more effectively speak in a variety of classroom settings as well as participate effectively in a wide range of campus activities, such as clubs, teams, or fraternity or sorority meetings, and thereby advance desired initiatives.
- Preparation is key to effective public speaking.
- True
- False
ANSWER: a
- Discuss both the importance and the unique challenges of communicating in an increasingly diverse world.
ANSWER: Student answers will vary.
- Devise a scenario that illustrates how critical thinking can help speakers tailor their messages
appropriately.
ANSWER: Student answers will vary.
- Public speaking skills are important in the pursuit of a college degree.
- True
- False
ANSWER: a
- Give an example in which public speaking applies on the job.
ANSWER: Student answers will vary, but examples from the text include people who work in scientific and technical fields needing to explain complicated information to their audiences, a firefighter needing to train others how to fight wildfires, and city engineer needing to address the concerns of an angry 2 / 4
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crowd of citizens at a city council meeting.
- Where do the earliest roots of public speaking lie?
ANSWER: From the fifth to the third century BCE, scholars traveled across China, advocating diverse political and economic philosophies. The ancient Greeks were the first to consider rhetoric a formal subject.In the fourth century BCE, Aristotle wrote Rhetoric, a systematic analysis of the art and practice of public speaking. Later, in the first century BCE, Roman politician Cicero furthered public speaking's prominence by becoming a renowned orator and prolific writer on rhetoric.
- The fundamental public speaking skills used for in-person communication also apply to virtual
- True
- False
communication.
ANSWER: a
- Discuss some of the issues addressed by speakers in colonial America.
ANSWER: During the Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s, preachers used public speaking to revive religion. Other colonists spoke out against injustices, such as taxation without representation.
- Although public speaking is important to MOST jobs, there are careers such as science research and
- True
- False
computer programming in which the ability to speak in public is not important.
ANSWER: b
- What role did public speaking play in the women's suffrage movement?
ANSWER: Many women, including Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Lucy Stone, used fiery speeches to convince Americans that women deserved the right to cast a ballot at the polls—a radical notion at the time.
- Public speaking plays a role in the community.
- True
- False
ANSWER: a
- What are some modern-day examples of effective public speaking?
ANSWER: Student answers will vary but may include speeches given at rallies such as the #MeToo movement or Black Lives Matter movement; political campaign speeches, such as those from the president of the United States or leaders of others countries; or speeches made to support social issues such as public health and pay equality.
- The ancient Greeks were the first to teach rhetoric formally as a subject.
- True
- False 3 / 4
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ANSWER: a
- What factors can interfere with communication?
ANSWER: Noise, or interference, can impede communication. Some interference arises from external sources; for example, a political candidate could be drowned out by a fleet of military jets overhead. Other interference arises internally. An ongoing dispute with an employee, for example, might distract a manager during a speech and might also make it difficult for the employee to focus on the manager's message.
- Aristotle's ideas influenced the study of public speaking today.
- True
- False
ANSWER: a
- Identify some ways in which audience members can provide feedback.
ANSWER: Answers will vary, but some examples may include: an audience member who shouts "That's right!" in response to a speaker's point provides feedback in the form of a verbal cue. Nonverbal forms of feedback include leaning forward, nodding vigorously, folding the arms, or looking puzzled.
- Historically, many Indigenous Peoples in North America considered oratorical ability to be an even more
- True
- False
important leadership quality than bravery in battle.
ANSWER: a
- Public speaking played a role in the founding of the United States.
- True
- False
ANSWER: a
- Why have cultural considerations grown increasingly important in public speaking?
ANSWER: American public speakers have increasingly had to consider the range of cultures represented in their audiences as society has grown more culturally diverse. More and more, career success and personal satisfaction depend on a person's ability to communicate with people from other cultures.The most effective public speakers are sensitive to differences in audience members' cultural backgrounds.
- Angelina Grimké was a public speaker who actively participated in America's antislavery movement.
- True
- False
ANSWER: a
- Discuss the increasing prominence of ethics in public speaking.
- / 4
ANSWER: Many people in the United States have grown distrusting of those giving public speeches. As a
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