CHAPTER OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................... 2

Instructor’s Manual Children and Their Development Seventh Edition Robert V. Kail Purdue University 1 / 4

Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

1 Chapter 1 The Science of Child Development CHAPTER OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................... 2

CHAPTER MODULE SUPPLEMENTS

Module 1.1: SETTING THE STAGE .............................................................................................. 4 Learning Objectives Key Terms Lecture Suggestions, Classroom Activities, and Discussion Topics Films/Videos/Internet Sources Module 1.2: FOUNDATIONAL THEORIES OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT ................................ 7 Learning Objectives Key Terms Lecture Suggestions, Classroom Activities, and Discussion Topics Films/Videos/Internet Sources Module 1.3: THEMES IN CHILD-DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH ............................................ 11 Learning Objectives Key Terms Lecture Suggestions, Classroom Activities, and Discussion Topics Films/Videos/Internet Sources Module 1.4: DOING CHILD-DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH ..................................................... 13 Learning Objectives Key Terms Lecture Suggestions, Classroom Activities, and Discussion Topics Films/Videos/Internet Sources CHAPTER 1 CASE STUDY ...................................................................................................................... 16 CASE STUDY ANSWERS ........................................................................................................................ 18 HANDOUTS ............................................................................................................................................... 19 HANDOUT ANSWERS ............................................................................................................................. 29

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Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

2

CHAPTER OVERVIEW

I. Module 1.1: Setting the Stage

• Historical Views of Children and Childhood
• Plato

ii. Aristotle iii. John Locke

• Tabula Rasa

iv. Jean Jacques Rousseau

• Origins of a New Science
• Charles Darwin
• Baby Biographies

ii. G. Stanley Hall

• Theories of Child Development

iii. Alfred Binet

• Mental Tests

iv. Sigmund Freud

• Role of Early Experience
• John B. Watson
• Behaviorism

vi. Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) – 1933

• Research and Advocacy

vii. Applying Results of Research

• Applied Developmental Science

II. Module 1.2: Foundational Theories of Child Development

• Opening
• Theory
• The Biological Perspective
• Maturational Theory
• Arnold Gesell

ii. Ethological Theory

• Critical period
• Konrad Lorenz
• Imprinting
• The Psychodynamic Perspective
• Psychodynamic Theory
• Sigmund Freud
• Id
• Ego
• Superego

ii. Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory

• Erik Erikson
• Table 1-1 Erikson’s Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development

iii. Early Learning Theories

• Operant Conditioning
• B.F. Skinner
• Reinforcement
• Punishment
• Imitation
• Observational learning 3 / 4

Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

3 iv. Social Cognitive Theory

• Albert Bandura
• Self-efficacy
• The Cognitive-Developmental Perspective
• Cognitive-Developmental Perspective
• Jean Piaget
• Table 1-2 Piaget’s Four Stages of Cognitive Development
• The Contextual Perspective
• Culture

ii. Lev Vygotsky

• The Big Picture
• Five Major Perspectives
• Summary Table 1-1 Characteristics of Developmental Perspectives

III. Module 1.3: Themes in Child-Development Research

• Continuity of Development
• Continuity-discontinuity issue
• Impact of Nature and Nurture
• Nature-nurture issue
• The Active Child
• Active-passive child issue
• Links between Different Domains of Development

IV. Module 1.4: Doing Child Development Research

• Measurement in Child Development Research
• Systematic Observation
• Systematic observation
• Naturalistic observation
• Variables
• Structured observation

ii. Sampling Behavior with Tasks iii. Self Reports

• Self reports
• Response bias

iv. Physiological Measures

• Summary Table 1-2 Ways of Measuring Behavior in Child-Development

Research vi. Evaluating Measures

• Reliable
• Valid

vii. Representative Sampling

• Populations
• Sample
• General Designs for Research
• Research design

ii. Correlational studies

• Correlational study
• Correlation coefficient
• Unrelated variables – no correlation
• Positive correlation
• Negative correlation

iii. Experimental Studies

• Experiment
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