Chapter_01_Culture_Fieldwork_and_American_Anthropology

Chapter_01_Culture_Fieldwork_and_American_Anthropology Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 1.Bea Medicine was an early anthropologist who worked with Native Americans. All of the following are

associated with her work except:

• her goals as an anthropologist were to alleviate problems and provide self-help for native peoples.
• she served as the head of the Women’s Branch of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples in

Canada.

• although she was born Lakota, she recognized that native peoples had to learn to operate effectively

and accommodate to dominant society.

• she worked as an advocate for national museums in order to expand their collections of native

artifacts.

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: p. 21

TOPICS: Introduction

2.As an academic discipline, anthropology is most distinguished by its:

• research methodology.
• focus on urban societies.
• interest in social change and adaptation.
• use of research teams and in-depth surveying techniques.

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: p. 22

TOPICS: Introduction

3.Which of the following is most relevant to doing any kind of good anthropological research?

• The number of interviews that the researcher can acquire while in the field
• The quality of relationships with the people being studied
• The amount of prior experience the researcher has had before any fieldwork occurs
• The number of fieldworkers working within a site at any given time

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: p. 23

TOPICS: Fieldwork: Living Among the People You Study

4.Participant observation is associated with all of the following except:

• a prolonged field stay, typically one year.
• a relationship of trust and rapport with those studied.
• a development of positive ethnocentrism for the native society.
• permissions and acceptance from the people being studied.

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: p. 25

TOPICS: Fieldwork: Living Among the People You Study 5.The anthropological view that all cultures should be understood on their own terms is called:

• ethnocentrism.
• cultural relativism.
• cultural adaptation.

Cultural Anthropology Mapping Cultures Across Space and Time, 1e Janice Stockard, Evelyn Blackwood (Test Bank, All Chapters. 100% Original Verified, A+ Grade) 1 / 4

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• salvage anthropology.

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: p. 24

TOPICS: Fieldwork: Living Among the People You Study

• What is the primary advantage of utilizing participant observation in anthropological research?
• It allows the researcher to more fully understand a unique cultural perspective.
• It allows the researcher to get to know the names of every individual within the society.
• It provides the researcher with housing and assistance while the study is occurring.
• It helps researchers learn the native language and understand all of its nuances.

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: p. 26

TOPICS: Fieldwork: Living Among the People You Study

• What is the primary reason that early (proto) anthropologists worked in salvage anthropology?
• They believed that Native cultures were going to disappear shortly and everything about earlier

human stages would be lost.

• They believed that science needed research material and they had to build large museum collections.
• They believed that Western society needed to learn more from Natives so that Westerners would

better adapt to the New World.

• They saw ethnography as employment and wanted to exhibit Native peoples and artifacts to entertain

and impress large audiences.

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: p. 27

TOPICS: Fieldwork Origins in the U.S. Southwest

• During which World’s Fair did amateur anthropologist William McGee sponsor the “Department of

Anthropology” exhibit of indigenous peoples and their artifacts?

• 1918 Chicago World’s Fair
• 1910 San Francisco World’s Fair
• 1904 St. Louis World’s Fair
• 1908 New York City World’s Fair

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: p. 28

TOPICS: Fieldwork Origins in the U.S. Southwest

• Which of the following is not associated with social evolutionary theory?
• Idea of evolutionary types
• Doctrine of superiority
• Ethnocentrism
• Cultural relativism

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: P. 29

TOPICS: Fieldwork Origins in the U.S. Southwest

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10. The comparative study of cultures is called:

• ethnography.
• ethnohistory.
• ethnology.
• ethnolinguistics.

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: p. 30

TOPICS: Fieldwork Origins in the U.S. Southwest

• Social evolutionary theory that argues that all cultures go through the same stages over time to reach

predetermined levels of progress (like rungs on a ladder) is also referred to as:

• multilinear evolution.
• unilineal evolution.
• accelerated evolution.
• punctuated equilibrium.

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: p. 28

TOPICS: Fieldwork Origins in the U.S. Southwest

12. Among the Zuni of the U.S. Southwest, the kiva is a(n):

• women’s dancing circle.
• ceremonial cooking chamber.
• fortress built above the living quarters.
• underground men’s lodge.

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: p. 32

TOPICS: Fieldwork Origins in the U.S. Southwest

13. Matilda Coxe Stevenson was associated with all of the following except:

• the first Western discovery and entrance into a Zuni kiva.
• research into the matrilineal kinship of the Zuni.
• detailed description of Zuni women’s activities.
• primary author of many works on the Zuni.

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: p. 34

TOPICS: Fieldwork Origins in the U.S. Southwest

• The approach to classify all human races within a single framework is known as:
• polygenesis.
• monogenesis.
• historical particularism.
• functionalism.

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: p. 35 3 / 4

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TOPICS: Fieldwork Origins in the U.S. Southwest

• Boas’s approach to the study of indigenous peoples is known as the theory of:
• historical particularism.
• functionalism.
• social evolution.
• unilineal evolution.

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: p. 37

TOPICS: Critique of Social Evolutionary Theory

• Which of the following is not associated with Franz Boas?
• The study of cultural histories
• Training in the physical and geographic sciences
• Research among the Arctic peoples
• Use of a social evolutionary approach

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: p. 37

TOPICS: Critique of Social Evolutionary Theory

• In what way did Boas argue that artifacts should be displayed in museums?
• Artifacts should be displayed as grouped similarities across cultures, showing that different cultures

used similar forms and that all forms were related.

• Artifacts should be displayed as unique parts of a cultural history of a single group, showing the use

and significance of the artifact in a single cultural context.

• Artifacts should be displayed from simple to complex across cultures to show how humans have

developed and progressed over time.

• Cultural artifacts should not be displayed for public exhibition.

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: p. 38

TOPICS: Critique of Social Evolutionary Theory

• What did Boas mean by saying “classification is not explanation”?
• He argued that grouping similar artifacts (across cultures) as like collections does not explain the

meaning they had in their own cultural contexts.

• He meant that museum curators needed to become anthropologists and go out and collect Native

explanations for artifacts they were displaying.

• He meant that explanations do not change from one culture to another and that there is no reason to

individually describe each cultural artifact.

• He argued that history is important and the ways that artifacts have changed over time is more

meaningful—that change over time is more valuable than small differences in similar artifacts.

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: p. 38

TOPICS: Critique of Social Evolutionary Theory

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